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The Value of Knowledge Management 357

Evidence of progress metrics: Indicators Indicators Indicators

Results Immediate Final
Intermediate
aggregate at Activities outcomes outcomes outcomes
each level: (outputs) (impact)

Description Action to be Short-term Medium-term Long-term
of component: undertaken effects of the results, big-picture results,
within scope completed one step contribution
of the project activity removed towards
from activity ultimate goal
(may not be visible
during project)
Figure 10.4
High-level RMAF

The major attributes of a results chain are:
• Results chain Explores how resources and activities connect with changes (fl ow
type)
• Activities Actions to be undertaken within the scope of the project; outcomes (a.k.a.
outputs): short-term effects of the completed activity
• Intermediate outcomes Medium-term results, one step removed from activity
• Final outcomes (a.k.a. impact) Long-term big-picture results, contribution toward
ultimate goal (may not be visible during project)
• Indicators Evidence of progress, metrics
• Results Aggregate at each level
Identifying all of the desired impacts, outcomes, and outputs and then connecting
these with existing and planned KM initiatives forms the foundation of the results-
based metric. In this way, the contributions expected from KM toward attaining
organization goals can be easily visualized and progressively monitored via the