Page 294 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

14.2 Criteria for electrochemical energy storage prioritization 293
the criteria weights are determined using group BWM, and the performance of different elec-
trochemical energy storage technologies are ranked using fuzzy TOPSIS considering the un-
certainties. Compared with the previous research, the developed life cycle sustainability
decision-making framework for the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage under
uncertainties has the following advantages:
(1) Criteria system from the perspective of life cycle sustainability: both the quantitative
criteria and qualitative criteria in multiple dimensions including economic,
environmental, social, and technological aspects based on the life cycle view for
sustainability assessment of electrochemical energy storage are determined.
(2) Accurate criteria weight determination: the Bayesian BWM is employed to determine the
weights of all the criteria, which can consider the opinions and judgments of multiple
decision-makers or stakeholders.
(3) Decision-making under uncertainties: the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which can address
uncertainties, is used to assess the performance of electrochemical energy storage
technologies, in which the uncertainties of criteria values are representative by triangular
fuzzy numbers.
The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows: Section 14.2 presents the criteria sys-
tem for life cycle sustainability decision-making for the prioritization of electrochemical en-
ergy storage under uncertainties; the developed MCDM method for the prioritization of
electrochemical energy storage, which combines the Bayesian BWM for criteria weight deter-
mination and the fuzzy TOPSIS method for alternative ranking is introduced in Section 14.3;
four energy storage technologies, namely lead-acid battery, Li-ion battery, Nas battery, and
NiMH battery, are evaluated using the developed MCDM method in Section 14.4; and
Section 14.5 concludes the chapter.

14.2 Criteria system for life cycle sustainability decision-making of the
prioritization of electrochemical energy storage

The life cycle sustainability decision-making criteria should include three pillars, namely
economy, society, and environment, “from cradle to grave,” not only the production stage
(Ren and Toniolo, 2018). The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) on the prioritization
of electrochemical energy storage should integrate life cycle assessment (LCA) for the envi-
ronmental pillar, life cycle costing (LCC) for the economic pillar, and social life cycle assess-
ment (SLCA) for the social pillar, which can achieve sustainability assessment from the
perspective of life cycle (Ren and Toniolo, 2018). For the life cycle sustainability framework
of the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage, the criteria of different pillars need to
be valued from a life cycle perspective. According to the results of LCC, the criteria values of
electrochemical energy storage related to the economic pillar (such as production cost and life
cycle cost) can be determined. According to the results of LCA, the criteria of electrochemical
energy storage related to the environmental pillar (such as CO2 intensity) can be valued. The
SLCA, can be used to determine the criteria value of electrochemical energy storage related to
the social pillar (such as social acceptance). Besides the above-mentioned three pillars of sus-
tainability, namely economic criteria, environmental criteria, and social criteria, the techno-
logical criteria should be included into the sustainability assessment, especially for the