Page 295 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

294 14. LCS prioritization of energy storage under uncertainties

assessment objectives with new technology. The electrochemical energy storage is an emerg-
ing matter with advanced technology. Therefore, the life cycle sustainability assessment on
the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage includes four pillars, namely economy,
society, environment, and technology.
The criteria system is quite important for the life cycle sustainability assessment on the pri-
oritization of electrochemical energy storage; and a vital criteria system can accurately assess
the performance of different electrochemical energy storage technologies. However, there is no
standard for the criteria system establishment of the prioritization of electrochemical energy
storage, because different decision-makers have their own thinking and preferences. In this
chapter, a criteria system is built for life cycle sustainability assessment of the prioritization
of electrochemical energy storage. According to the related published works and the comments
from the expert panel including university professors and electric power system practitioners,
the criteria system of life cycle sustainability assessment of the prioritization of electrochemical
energy storage is built, which includes eight criteria in four pillars, namely: capital intensity
(C1) and operation cost (C2) in the economic pillar; social acceptance (C3) and electric power
system reserve capacity reduction (C4) in the social pillar; CO2 intensity (C5) in the environ-
mental pillar; and cycle life (C6), energy efficiency (C7), and self-discharge rate (C8) in the tech-
nological pillar. Just as in the above discussion, this criteria system of life cycle sustainability
assessment on the prioritization of electrochemical energy storage can be revised according
to the opinions and preferences of decision-makers and the actual situations.
The criteria system of life cycle sustainability assessment on the prioritization of electro-
chemical energy storage is shown in Fig. 14.1. Among eight criteria, there are seven hard
criteria (C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8), one soft criteria (C3), four minimum-type criteria
(C1, C2, C5, and C8), and four maximum-type criteria (C3, C4, C6, and C7).

FIG. 14.1 The criteria system of life cycle sustainability assessment on the prioritization of electrochemical energy
storage.