Page 292 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CHAPTER

14

Life cycle sustainability decision-

making framework for the

prioritization of electrochemical

energy storage under uncertainties

a,b
Sen Guo
a
School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
b
Beijing Key Laboratory of New Energy and Low-Carbon Development (North China Electric
Power University), Beijing, China

14.1 Introduction

Nowadays, fossil fuel energy contributes about 70% of electricity generation all over the
world, which has caused some issues such as environment worsening and energy shortage
(Luo et al., 2015). To tackle this kind of issue, many countries have issued incentive policies
and measures to develop renewable energy, which is used to generate electricity. However,
the renewable energy such as wind power and solar PV power has the characteristics of in-
termittency, volatility, and uncertainty, which bring great negative impacts on the stable op-
eration of an electric power system (Ahlborg and Hammar, 2014; Luthra et al., 2015). Energy
storage, which can charge and discharge electricity energy, is deemed an important support
for renewable energy power deployment in electric power system, because it can charge the
redundant electricity from renewable energy and discharge the stored electricity when there
is little or even no wind or sunlight (Ren and Ren, 2018).
There are several kinds of energy storage, including mechanical storage, electro-magnetic
storage, and electrochemical energy storage (Dunn et al., 2011; Poullikkas, 2013). In the past
few years, the electrochemical energy storage, such as lead-acid battery, Li-ion battery and
Nas battery, has attracted more and more attention. In China and the USA, electrochemical
energy storage has developed rapidly, and 100-MW-level electrochemical energy storage has

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Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Decision-Making Copyright # 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818355-7.00014-2