Page 229 - Lindens Handbook of Batteries

ZINC-CARBON BATTERIES—LECLANCHÉ AND ZINC CHLORIDE CELL SYSTEMS 9.23

FIGURE 9.19 Comparison of Leclanché and zinc chloride D-size cells of various grades discharged on the
ANSI LIF test (4 min/h, 8 h/day) through 2.2 ohm at 20°C. GP: General purpose; HD: Heavy duty; EHD: Extra
heavy duty.

1.0:1.5, respectively. Comparison between the Leclanché (LC) and zinc chloride (ZC) GP, HD, and
EHD batteries showed ratios of 1:1.3:2.2:3.4:4.4 for LC, GP:ZC, GP:LC, HD:ZC, HD:ZC, EHD
respectively.
Figure 9.19 shows a comparison of the same battery grades discharged intermittently through
a 2.2 ohm load on the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) light intermittent flashlight
(LIF) test. On this regimen, the performance ratio to the 0.9 V cutoff is 1:1 for the GP batteries,
1:1.3 for the HD, and for the LC, GP:ZC, GP:LC, HD:ZC, HD:ZC, EHD, 1:1:1.7:2.1:2.9, respec-
tively. Testing on the intermittent discharge, which allows for a rest period for recovery, results in
increased performance for all batteries and evidences a decreased difference in performance between
the grades.
Figure 9.20 illustrates the same battery grades discharged continuously through the lighter
3.9 ohm load. The following ratios were obtained; 1:1.3 GP, 1:1.4 HD, and 1:1.3:2.0:2.8:3.5 between
all grades to the 0.9 V cutoff. Less of a difference was observed than that obtained at the heavier
2.2 ohm discharge rate. The slower reaction rate at the lighter drain is evident because of the higher
battery voltages. A comparison of an intermittent discharge at 3.9 ohm for 1 h/day on a simulated
cassette test is shown in Fig. 9.21. On this regimen, the performance ratio for the same grouping of
battery grades drops to 1:1.1:1.5:2.4:2.7. This reflects the increase in service and tighter grouping
for all grades.
These battery grades are compared once again in Fig. 9.22 on a moderate discharge through a
24 ohm resistor for 4 h continuously with 20 h of rest on the ANSI transistor radio and electronic
equipment battery tests. At this more moderate discharge load, the performance ratio is even closer,
1:1.4:1.6:1.9:2.0 to a 0.9 V cutoff.
Continuous discharge tends to increase the difference in performance between the different
grades of batteries of the same size. The differences between the Leclanché and zinc chloride sys-
tems are evident when tested continuously. Intermittent discharges tend to reduce the differences
between systems and grades. Similarly, higher discharge currents tend to increase the performance
difference.
Figure 9.23a summarizes the performance of the Leclanché general-purpose D-size battery grade
discharged continuously to different end voltages. The performance of the zinc chloride general-purpose