Page 277 - Lindens Handbook of Batteries

ALKALINE-MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERIES 11.15

TABLE 11.9 Designations and Typical ANSI Tests for Cylindrical Alkaline Cells
IEC ANSI End Voltage Min. Avg.
Size Designation Designation Test Load Cycle (V) Duration
D LR20 13A portable stereo 600 ohms 2 h on, 22 h off 0.9 11 h
portable lighting 2.2 ohms 4 min on, 56 min off; 0.9 15.8 h
8 h on, 16 h off cycle
Toy 2.2 ohms 1 h on, 23 h off 0.9 17.5 h
Radio 10 ohms 4 h on, 20 h off 0.9 90 h
C LR14 14A portable stereo 400 mA 2 h on, 22 h off 0.9 8 h
portable lighting 3.9 ohms 4 min on, 56 min off; 0.9 13.8 h
8 h on, 16 h off cycle
Toy 3.9 ohms 1 h on, 23 h off 0.8 14.5
Radio 20 ohms 4 h on, 20 h off 0.9 85 h
AA LR6 15A Digital camera 1500 mW, 1st load for 2 s, then 1.05 50 pulses
650 mW 2nd load for 28 s;
5 min on, 55 min off
Toothbrush 500 mA 2 min on, 13 min off; 0.8 2.5 h
24 hours
CD 250 mA 1 h on, 23 h off 0.9 6 h
Toy 3.9 ohms 1 h on, 23 h off 0.8 5 h
Remote control 24 ohms 15 s on, 45 s off; 1.0 33 h
8 h on, 16 h off
Radio/clock 43 ohms 4 h on, 20 h off 0.9 60 h
AAA LR03 24A photoflash 600 mA 10 s on, 50 s off; 0.9 170 pulses
1 h on, 23 h off
portable lighting 5.1 ohms 4 min on, 56 min off; 0.9 2.2 h
8 h on, 16 h off cycle
Digital audio 100 mA 1 h on, 23 h off 0.9 7.5 h
Remote control 24 ohms 15 s on, 45 s off; 1.0 14.5 h
8 h on, 16 h off
AAAA LR8 25A Lighting 5.1 ohms 5 min on, 23 h and 0.9 1.3 h
55 min off
Laser pointer 75 ohms 1 h on, 23 h off 1.1 22 h
N LR1 910A portable lighting 5.1 ohms 5 min on, 23 h and 0.9 1.6 h
55 min off
pager 10 then 1st load for 5 s, then 0.9 888 h
3K ohms 2nd load for 3595 s;
24 h

11.4.5 Cell Leakage
Commercial alkaline cells are of a sealed construction using a compressible polymer grommet
(seal) between the can and the top current collector. Leakage can occur by two different mechanisms:
(1) nonelectrochemical leakage resulting from manufacturing defects and/or poor cell design which
can occur at either electrode (called either positive or negative leakage, depending on whether it
occurs between the seal and can or at the collector, respectively), and (2) electrochemical-related
leakage associated with leakage that occurs only at the negative electrode.
Most manufacturers use a surface active coating such as asphalt, polyimide, etc., in the seal area
to smooth out surface imperfections in the cell parts to provide a better seal. The amount of seal
compression should not exceed the elastic limit of the grommet. Details of the cell design, choice
of grommet material, as well as manufacturing processes play a role in cell leakage. Factors that
influence leakage include the material of the can, e.g., nickel, stainless steel, or gold, the choice of