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vi CONTENTS

3. New Organizational Forms that Support
Knowledge Work: The Role of ICT 54
Introduction 55
The Relationship Between Technology and Organization 56
Human Agency and the Social Construction of Technology 57
Institutional Pressures and the Material Properties
of Technology 59
Teleworking 61
New Organizational Forms and ICTs 63
Facilitating Organizational Change Using ICT 66
New Organizational Forms and Knowledge Loss 68
Conclusions 70
Case Study 3.1: Uni University and its New ERP System 71
Questions 76
Summary of Key Learning Points 77

4. Managing Knowledge Creation in Teams 78
Introduction 79
The Importance of Collaboration in the
Knowledge Creation Process 79
Team-Work and Social and Intellectual Capital 80
Creating Synergy Within Teams 82
Problems of Team and Project Work 83
Advantages and Disadvantages of Team-Work for
Effective Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Creation 91
Collaboration and Integration Mechanisms 92
The Importance of Trust in Collaborative Work 93
Definitions of Trust 94
Conclusions 97
Case Study 4.1: Research Team 98
Questions 103
Summary of Key Learning Points 103

5. Project-Based Organizations and Knowledge Work 105
Introduction 106
Teams Versus Projects 106
Learning Boundaries Versus Knowledge Boundaries 108
Sharing Knowledge Across Projects 110
Different Types of Project Context 113
Complex Project Contexts 114
Radical Innovation and High Project Interactivity 116
Problems Encountered in Complex Project Contexts 117
Conclusion 118
Case Study 5.1: Theragnostic and Skin Cases 120

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