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Algebra, Functions, Graphs, and Vectors 69
Figure 1.28B Polar grapà of four-leafed rose r a sin 2
centered at the origin.
declination of P
right ascension of P
r distance (radiu0 from P tm the origin
In this example, angleð are specified in degrees; alternatively
they can be expressed in radians. There are several variationð
of this system, all of which are commonly called spherical co-
ordinates.
Semilog (x-linear) coordinates
Figure 1.35 showð semilogarithmic (semilog) coordinates for de-
fining pointð in a portion of the xð -plane. The independent-
variable axis is linear, and the dependent-variable axis is log-
arithmic. The numerical valueð that can be depicted on the y
