Page 897 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 2)

Index 889

IIR filters, see Infinite impulse response In-memory storage, 222–224
filters Inner feedback loops, 645–651
IL (instruction list), 690 alternative variables, 649, 650
Illegitimate errors, 10 derivatives of controlled variable, 646–
Illusion of control, 280 649
Illusion of correlation, 280 nonelectric, 650–651
Imaginary axis crossings, 519, 521–522 Inner rotor–outer stator brushless dc
Impedance(s), 38–45 motors, 552, 553
computing, 40–41 Inner stator–outer rotor brushless motors,
definition of, 38 552, 553
of distributed system, 67 Input, control system, 384
electrical, 38 Input admittance, 120
graphical determination of output, 54– Input impedance, 48, 103, 119, 120
56 Input–output analysis, 276
input/output, at operating point, 48 Input/output (I/O) form, 315–318
of lumped linear elements, 38 converting, to phase-variable form, 321
in measurements, 119–123 deriving the, 316–318
in series/parallel, 39–40 Input–output interactions, 34–37
´
Thevenin/Norton source equivalents, Input/output (I/O) processors, 682
44–45 Inserted materials, law of, 140, 141
transducer-matched, 57–58 Instability meters, 180–182
transforming/gyrating, 41–43 Instantaneous utility, 808
Implementation phase (system design), Instruction list (IL), 690
290–291 Instrument Society of America (ISA), 3
Improper rational functions, 326 Instrument statics, 3–31
Impulse, 35 calibration, 6–9
Impulse response, 327–328 confidence limits on regression lines,
Incidental base rate, 279–280 18–22
Incremental algorithm, 426 data amounts needed, 14–15
Incremental encoders, 391 definitions used in, 4–6
Independent energy storage elements, 316 determination of confidence limits on
Indexer modulators, 573, 574 , 17–18
Indirect NN control, 795 distributions comparison, 29–31
Inductive bridges, 112–114 error types, 10
Inductive storage element, 304 goodness of fit, 15–16
Inductors, 831, 832 means comparison, 27–29
Infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, 197 probability density functions, 16–17
design of, 201–203 propagation of error or uncertainty, 10–
FIR vs., 206, 208 12
phase analysis of, 206 sampling, 9–10
Information, central role of, 284–285 statistical testing, 23–26
Information processing by humans and unbiased estimates, 9
organizations, 278–282 uncertainty interval, 12–13
Inherent integration: variability comparison, 24, 27
systems with, 660–666 Integral absolute-error (IAE) criterion,
systems with no, 659, 660 411, 493
Inhomogeneity errors, service-induced, Integral control, 401, 402
144–147 Integral gain, 402
Initial-value theorem, 326, 450, 463 Integral-of-time-mulitplied absolute-error
In-line piston servomotors, 575, 577 (ITAE) criterion, 411, 490–493