Page 902 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 2)

894 Index

NCs, see Numerical controllers Nodes, 311, 312
Near-normal canonical form, 724–725, Noise:
727, 729–730, 735, 738 and bridge transducers, 105–111
Needs (term), 269 characteristics of, 4
Nervous system cell, 793 extracting signal from, 208
Network communications, 232 RTI/RTO, 104
Neural network (NN) actuators, 804–806 Nominal group technique, 270
Neural network (NN) controllers: Nondiagonal Jordan canonical form, 726,
for discrete-time systems, 800 727, 730–731, 736, 739
feedback linearization design, 795–800 Nondistinct poles, 325
HJB equation in, 811–813 Nonelectric inner loops, 650–651
HJI equation in, 813–815 Noninteractive algorithm, 406
multiloop feedback structures of, 800– Noninverting amplifiers, 842–843
804 Nonlinear control, 441
topologies of, 794–795 Nonlinear impedance matching, 54
Neural network functional approximation Nonlinear in parameters, 793, 794
error, 793 Nonlinear in tunable parameters, 796
Neural network (NN) observers, 806–808 Nonlinearity effects, 660, 661, 663–665,
Neural networks (NNs), 791–820 667–669
actuators in, 804–806 complex, 668
approximate dynamic programming, computer simulation of, 668, 669
815–817 simple, 663–665, 667–668
in control topologies, 794–795 Nonlinear optimal control design, 811
force control with, 803–804 Nonlinear systems, 366–376
functional approximation properties of, and controller performance, 413, 414
796 describing function method, 368–373
historical development/future of, 817– linearizing approximation method, 367–
820 368
observers in, 806–808 linear vs., 366–367
optimal control using, 810–815 phase-plane method, 371, 372, 374–376
preprocessing of inputs to, 799, 800 Non-Newtonian fluids, 185
reinforcement learning control using, Non-self-generating responses, 105–111
807–810 Nonuniform velocity, 183–184
Nibbles, 845 NOR (Boolean addition), 248
Nichols charts/diagrams, 513–517 Normal canonical form, 724, 727–729,
closed-loop frequency response from 734, 737–738
that of open loop, 514–516 Normal distribution, 125–126, 362–363
for common transfer functions, 344, Normal frequency distribution, 124
346, 348, 350 Normative synthesis of requirements, 268
obtaining, 340 Norton equivalent, 44–45
sensitivity analysis using, 516–517 NOT (Boolean inversion), 246
Nichrome V Karma, 75 Notch filters, 638
NIST, see National Institute of Standards Nozzle–flappers, 396–398
and Technology Nozzle flowmeters, 176, 177
NN reinforcement learning controllers, Nth moment of distribution, 362
808–809 Nth-order hold, 464, 466–468
NNs, see Neural networks Nth-order systems, 316
NN weight tuning for stability theorem, Nuclear reactor control, 444
796, 797 Null hypothesis, 23