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Several estimating methodologies of real movement of bones using such perspective motions have
been proposed[5][6]. Using one of those method, we developed the algorithm of conversion. The
posture data format for one BBHM joint shown in Table 1.
Also, data about BBHM bones and muscles are described as shown in Table 2, 3. From those data the
spatial positions of bones and muscles of each point of time can be calculated in geometrical model
Additionally, using Hill-type model[7], one of the well-known model of muscle, we can estimate
maximum muscle force of each timepoint.

4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As discussed above, we can estimate muscle length minute by minute from physique and motion data.
Then, in order to estimate maximum muscle force of each time point, we use Hill-type model which
models Rheological parameters of muscle. By using Hill-type model, we are able to know relation
among muscle length, muscle contraction speed, muscle diameter, and maximum muscle force.
As a simple example estimating muscle force, we estimated muscle forces of right legs when the
subject was walking. There are about 34 muscles, but here, we extract 3 muscles which are mainly
used when subject walks. Figure 6 shows those muscles and bones of right leg. Estimation results are
shown in Figure 7. We are able to know that muscles are repeatedly contract synchronizing with
walking.

-hip flection
- hip adduction
hip rotation
knee flection

)f\f 600;* ,'• \ S00

Figure 7: Estimation Result

5. CONCLUSION
Tn this paper, we proposed musculoskeletal human body model for motion evaluation/simulation. We
also surveyed principles of motion capturing and physique measuring. Another Important issue,
description method of physique and posture are discussed with partially completed examples.

REFERENCES
[1] H. Arisawa, T. Tomii, H. Yui and H. Ishikawa. (1995). Data model and architecture of multimedia
database for engineering applications. IE1CE Trans. Inf. & Syst. E78-D:ll, 1362-1368.
[2] Clinical Gait Analysis Forum of Japan. (1992). DIFF Data Interface File Format (DIFF) User's
Manual, Clinical Gait Analysis Forum of Japan.
[3] Davis, R. B., Ounpuu, S., Tyburski, D. and Gage, J. R. (1991) A gait analysis data collection and
reduction technique. Human Movement Sciences 10:5, 575-587.
[4] Vaughan, C. L., Davis, B. L., and O'Conners, J. C. (1992). Dynamics of Human Gait, Human
Kinetics Publisher.