Page 121 - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use

Table 3.6 Examples of the use of reclaimed water for cooling or boiler applications
Facility (Reference) Application Method Water (Power) offset
Palo Verde nuclear power plant, Arizona Cooling water for 3800 MW nuclear Recirculating cooling towers with >250000m3 d-l
(Blackson andMoreland, 1998) power plant using nitrified reclaimed 18-23 cycles of concentration: zero
water with supplemental chemical liquid discharge: evaporation ponds
treatment: softening, phosphorus for blowdown water
removal, pH adjustment, and
chlorination
Chevron Oil Refinery, Oakland, California Refinery cooling water using Recirculating cooling tower 17 000 m3 d-’
(Puckorius, 1997) reclaimed water with supplemental
lime treatment, filtration, and
disinfection
Lockheed-Martin Electronics operation, Cooling water for production of Counter current cooling towers 6800 m3 d-’
Ocala. Florida electronics assemblies and secondary
cooling of HVAC using
manufacturing process wastewater
treated with hydrogen peroxide and
ozone
Bergen generating facility, Bergen County, Cooling water for 625 MW Recirculation cooling: blowdown 5400 m3 d-’
New Jersey (Puckorius, 1997) thermoelectric power plant using discharged to sanitary sewer
reclaimed water treated with biocide,
acid, and polymer
City of Tampa waste-to-energy facility, 22 MW facility. Processes 1000 tons Two cell recirculating evaporative 2200 m3 d-’
Tampa, Florida per day cooling tower. Blowdown water is
discharged to wastewater treatment
plant
Oil refinery, Singapore Oil refinery using reclaimed water Once-through cooling of 32 water- 1600 m3 d-’
treated with acid, scale inhibitor, cooled pumps and two recirculating
dispersant, and corrosion inhibitors cooling towers
Flag Fen, UK Dual membrane MF: 28 modules, Boiler feedwater using polished 1200m3 d-l
0.1 pm pore size: RO: 4:2 array: municipal
80% recovery