Page 25 - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use

6 Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-use

Table 1.3 General water quality requirements for specific duties
Use Industry Application Quality
Pire fighting All 1 (natural)
Irrigation Agriculture 1 (river)
Domestic Offices Drinking water 2 (potable)
Hotels/catering Down services 213
Healthcare Laundries 3
Steam raising Process industries Heating 314
Steam stripping 314
High-pressure steam 5
Power generation Turbine drive 8
Heat transfer Manufacturing Closed heating and cooling systems 314
Process industries Open recirculatory cooling systems 3 /4
Offices Air conditioning 5
Hotels/catering
Healthcare
Process water Heavy chemicals Product washing 213
Fine chemicals Solvent 4
Food/soft drinks Bottle/container washing 5
Brewing Cleaning in place (CIP) 2
Pharmaceuticals 617
Metal finishing 5
Photographic 5
Laboratories 8
Semiconductor Ultrapure water 9
Product FoodJsoft drinks Product quality 4
Brewing Shelf life 214
Pharmaceuticals Parenterals 7
Cosmetics Lotions/hquids/topicals 516

Table 1.4 Specific water consumption, litres per capita per day, across Europe (Water UK.
2000)
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Country Household and small business Industry and others Total
1980 1997 1980 1997 1980 1997
Austria 155 160 100 77 255 237
Belgium 104 118 59 42 163 160
Denmark 165 136 96 70 261 206
Finland 155 97 252
France 109 151 58 54 167 205
Germany 139 130 52 54 167 205
Hungary 110 104 107 49 217 153
Italy 211 228 69 58 280 286
Luxembourg 183 172 76 81 259 253
Netherlands 142 166 37 43 179 209
Spain 157 145 58 95 215 240
Sweden 195 188 120 69 315 257
UK 154 100 254 324
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