Page 536 - Book Hosokawa Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

APPLICATIONS 22 DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS
diamond lattice made of silica spheres left after the
1 2
plasma process. The disappearance of alternative
spheres is easily recognized at the lowest row.
The optical properties of systems made of micros-
pheres are extensively studied only for both extreme
situations of isolated single spheres and periodical
array of infinite spheres. In contrast, the intermediate
4 3
systems between these two extremes have hardly
been investigated. Since the nanoparticle assembly
technique enables systematic experiments by varying
the number of the arranged spheres, it has been uti-
lized for the investigation of the intermediate
domains [16, 17].
Furthermore, stacking of plates is possible as well
[18]. Though the manipulation is currently carried out
Figure 22.2 by skilled operators, automatic systems of the manip-
Stacking procedure of the bcc lattice for fabricating a ulation processes are being developed. Fully auto-
diamond-type photonic crystal [14].
matic execution from the searching of spheres to the
precise arrangement of them has been reported [19].
The fundamental principle of the nanoparticle
assembly technique is the adhesion phenomenon
5μm (a)
between the nanoparticles and other particles, the
probe or the substrate. However, the adhesional inter-
action of the particles in a vacuum under the irradia-
tion of the electron beam has hardly been
investigated; this is one of the new important frontiers
in the particle technology.

References

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Photonic Crystals -Molding the Flow of Light,
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(b)
[2] S. Noda, T. Baba: Roadmap on Photonic Crystals,
Kluwer Academic Publication, Dordrecht (2002).
[3] H.T. Miyazaki: Ceramics Jpn., 39, 931–934 (2004)
(in Japanese).
[4] NIMS Particle Assembly Research Group: Particle
Assembly Technologies, Kogyo Chosakai Publishing
Co. Ltd., Tokyo (2001) (in Japanese).
[5] H. Morishita, Y. Hatamura: Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ
international conference of intelligent robots and sys-
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[6] H. Miyazaki, T. Sato: Adv. Robot., 11, 169–185
(1997).
[7] H.T. Miyazaki, Y. Tomizawa, S. Saito, T. Sato and
Figure 22.3
Photonic crystal with a diamond lattice. N. Shinya: J. Appl. Phys., 88, 3330–3340 (2000).
[8] S. Saito, H.T. Miyazaki, T. Sato and K. Takahashi:
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[9] S. Noda, K. Tomoda, N. Yamamoto and A. Chutinan:
one of the spheres is removed, it would be possible to Science, 289, 604–606 (2000).
obtain a diamond lattice made of microspheres [13, 14].
Fig. 22.3a shows a bcc lattice made of silica and [10] S.Y. Lin, J.G. Fleming, D.L. Hetherington, B.K. Smith,
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 1.18 m [15]. R. Biswas, K.M. Ho, M.M. Sigalas, W. Zubrzycki,
When this lattice is exposed to oxygen plasma, only S.R. Kurtz and J. Bur: Nature, 394, 251–253 (1998).
the polystyrene spheres will be decomposed. Fig. 22.3b [11] Y. Xia, B. Gates, Y. Yin and T. Lu: Adv. Mater., 12,
demonstrates the first photonic crystal with a 693–713 (2000).

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