Page 364 - New Trends in Eco efficient and Recycled Concrete
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Equivalent functional unit in recycled aggregate concrete 319
Figure 11.10 Concrete life cycle.
GWP [kg CO 2 eq] 500 273 204 299 277 279 317 290 300 350 Production
400
300
SP
200
Water
100
Coarse aggregates
0
C8/10 C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C50/60 Fine aggregates
Cement
Strength class [MPa]
3
Figure 11.11 Average GWP per m of mixes without CARC by strength class. GWP, global
warming potential; CARC, coarse aggregates recycled from concrete.
11.8.2.2 Life cycle impact assessment
Eight environmental categories were considered: ADP, GWP, ODP, acidification
AP, EP, and POCP, and consumption of primary energy, renewable (PE-Re) and
non-renewable (PE-NRe).
11.8.2.3 Analysed mixes
For this study, a total of 216 concrete mixes from 24 studies were analysed. These
mixes were selected from theses and papers published in reference journals and
conference proceedings, and have strength classes between C8/10 and C55/67.
11.8.2.4 Environmental assessment results
The results of GWP by strength class are presented in Fig. 11.11 (0% CARC) and
Fig. 11.12 (100% CARC). It was confirmed that GWP is strongly related with the
average amount of cement of each strength class; more cement corresponds to
