Page 217 - Open-Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation

202
a
In
to
Th,
On
Ill.
The
The
and
A
use.
This
from
easy
Each
bins.
such,
show
same
3
GRin
Track
the
best
tensity
tration
service
it
the
Such
spectra
unique
version
Clavier,
1.
and
gamma
GAMMA
a
is
One,
fit
on-board
The
produced
the
formation
described
2d
QUESTION
QUESTION
each
K
gamma
of U,
responsible
and
simple
occurrences
curve
the
characteristic
both
rays
still
RAY
method
and
of the
spectrum
is
OPEN-HOLE
at
example
spectrum
for
#10.3
gamma
ray
#10.2
mixture
Th,
radioactive
that is
GRpax
of
use
approximately
as
number
by Fert!
interpretation
can
companies
counts/ppm,
gamma
the
total
belonging
total
of
spectrum
have
ray
3
Steiber
INTERPRETATION
produces
the
and
computers
et
method
is
and
or
be
the
to
plotted
ray
K.
shown
decay
in
OF
al.
of the
use
log
spectral
can
of.
these
LOGGING
point
in
developing
MeV
high
producing

concentrations
concentrations
then
;
activity
be
at
gamma
of gamnzia
log
of natural
shown
abundance, as
in
just
of
thethods.
against
percent.
thought
enérgy
characteristic
have
are
discovering
three
is
shown
(1980).
logging
ray
in
various
this
SPECTROSCOPY
U,
observed
figure
GAMMA
rays
uranium
produces
marked
uranium,
activity
the
a
carried
on
of as
in
that
characteristic
Th,
a
gamma
compute
a
of the
one.
been
time.
group
RAY
units
“A.”
trucks
figure
continuous
curve
shown
10.12,
seen
it
activity
expressed
counting
Another
ray
MEASUREMENTS
as
step
and
in
for
The
figure
are
energy
displayed.
unique
Two
split
on
Vy, in
radioactive
in
combination
thorium,
K
an
unique
each bin
energy
10.11,
mixture
curves
how
is
trick
(SGR)

the
into
formation
SPECTRA
Units
are
spectra
figure
10.10,
further
sand
group,
and
is
with
determine
capable
spectral
produces.
general
gamma
counts
technique
C
a
to
to
and
of the
are
256
families
where
total
many
levels
If
is
logs
indicator
ray.
a
mixture.
plotted
LOGS
per
showing
10.12.
is
to
other
logged.
logs,
find
API.
the
choose
a
which
using
count
three
on
a
and
a
would
the
In
displayed.
log
time
of quickly
gamma
These
specific
Note
spectrum
potassium.
gamma
the
the
apply
new
techniques
which
quick
have
value
ray
occur
will
art.
data
the
number
that
are
of fractures,
element
rays
Tracks
energies,from
is
U,
to
As
in-
in
may
Logging
linear,

is
be
in
the
a
individual
Some
0
Y-axis.
various
in
concen-
uranium-free
period.
2
finding
Fortunately,
and

of
how many
energy
for

203
API
GAMMA
UNITS
RAY:
10.
FIGURE
THE
10.10
GAMMA
Estimation
RAY LOG
of Shale
%
Content from
DENSITY—POROSITY
a
peor:
(SANDSTONE)
Gamma Ray Log.