Page 167 - Petroleum and Gas Field Processing

Normally, the amount of water is given as a percentage of the oil volume
(i.e., Q w ¼ wQ o , where w is the water percentage). Therefore,

q w ¼ 15
w wQ o c w ð TÞ ð7Þ
The heat loss is normally expressed as a percentage of the total heat input.
Let l be the percent of total heat lost; then,
q l ¼ lq ð8Þ
Because q ¼ q o þ q w þ q l , adding Eqs. (6)–(8) and solving for q , we obtain
1 Btu
q ¼ 15Q o ð TÞð
o c o þ w
w c w Þ ð9Þ
1 l h
where, l is the percent of heat loss (fraction), Q o is the flow rate of oil

(bbl/day), T is the increase in temperature due to heating ( F),
o and
w
are the specific gravity of oil and water, respectively, c o and c w are the
specific heats of oil and water, respectively, and w is the percent, by
volume, of water in the oil (fraction). Equation (9) is used to estimate the
required heat duty of the burner.

5.4.4 Types of Heater Treater
The various types of field heater and heater treater and gunbarrel treaters
are presented in Figures 11 and 12, respectively.

Figure 11 Types of field heater.

Copyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.