Page 8 - Physical Chemistry

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Chapter 4 MATERIAL EQUILIBRIUM 109 Table of Contents

4.1 Material Equilibrium 109
4.2 Entropy and Equilibrium 110
4.3 The Gibbs and Helmholtz Energies 112
4.4 Thermodynamic Relations for a System
in Equilibrium 115
4.5 Calculation of Changes in State Functions 123
4.6 Chemical Potentials and Material Equilibrium 125
4.7 Phase Equilibrium 129
4.8 Reaction Equilibrium 132
4.9 Entropy and Life 134
4.10 Summary 135

Chapter 5 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS
OF REACTION 140

5.1 Standard States of Pure Substances 140
5.2 Standard Enthalpy of Reaction 141
5.3 Standard Enthalpy of Formation 142
5.4 Determination of Standard Enthalpies
of Formation and Reaction 143
5.5 Temperature Dependence of Reaction Heats 151
5.6 Use of a Spreadsheet to Obtain a Polynomial Fit 153
5.7 Conventional Entropies and the Third Law 155
5.8 Standard Gibbs Energy of Reaction 161
5.9 Thermodynamics Tables 163
5.10 Estimation of Thermodynamic Properties 165
5.11 The Unattainability of Absolute Zero 168
5.12 Summary 169

Chapter 6 REACTION EQUILIBRIUM IN IDEAL GAS MIXTURES 174

6.1 Chemical Potentials in an Ideal Gas Mixture 175
6.2 Ideal-Gas Reaction Equilibrium 177
6.3 Temperature Dependence
of the Equilibrium Constant 182
6.4 Ideal-Gas Equilibrium Calculations 186
6.5 Simultaneous Equilibria 191
6.6 Shifts in Ideal-Gas Reaction Equilibria 194
6.7 Summary 198

Chapter 7 ONE-COMPONENT PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
AND SURFACES 205

7.1 The Phase Rule 205
7.2 One-Component Phase Equilibrium 210
7.3 The Clapeyron Equation 214
7.4 Solid–Solid Phase Transitions 221