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Table of Contents 19.14 Future Prospects 727
19.15 Summary 727
Chapter 20 SPECTROSCOPY AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY 734
20.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 734
20.2 Spectroscopy 737
20.3 Rotation and Vibration of Diatomic Molecules 743
20.4 Rotational and Vibrational Spectra of Diatomic
Molecules 750
20.5 Molecular Symmetry 756
20.6 Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules 758
20.7 Microwave Spectroscopy 761
20.8 Vibration of Polyatomic Molecules 763
20.9 Infrared Spectroscopy 766
20.10 Raman Spectroscopy 771
20.11 Electronic Spectroscopy 774
20.12 Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Spectroscopy 779
20.13 Electron-Spin-Resonance Spectroscopy 793
20.14 Optical Rotatory Dispersion and Circular Dichroism 794
20.15 Photochemistry 796
20.16 Group Theory 800
20.17 Summary 811
Chapter 21 STATISTICAL MECHANICS 820
21.1 Statistical Mechanics 820
21.2 The Canonical Ensemble 821
21.3 Canonical Partition Function for a System of
Noninteracting Particles 830
21.4 Canonical Partition Function of a Pure Ideal Gas 834
21.5 The Boltzmann Distribution Law for
Noninteracting Molecules 836
21.6 Statistical Thermodynamics of Ideal Diatomic
and Monatomic Gases 840
21.7 Statistical Thermodynamics of Ideal
Polyatomic Gases 851
21.8 Ideal-Gas Thermodynamic Properties and
Equilibrium Constants 854
21.9 Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics 858
21.10 Intermolecular Forces 861
21.11 Statistical Mechanics of Fluids 866
21.12 Summary 870
Chapter 22 THEORIES OF REACTION RATES 877
22.1 Hard-Sphere Collision Theory
of Gas-Phase Reactions 877
22.2 Potential-Energy Surfaces 880
22.3 Molecular Reaction Dynamics 887
