Page 9 - Physical Chemistry

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Table of Contents 7.5 Higher-Order Phase Transitions 225
7.6 Surfaces and Nanoparticles 227
7.7 The Interphase Region 227
7.8 Curved Interfaces 231
7.9 Colloids 234
7.10 Summary 237

Chapter 8 REAL GASES 244

8.1 Compression Factors 244
8.2 Real-Gas Equations of State 245
8.3 Condensation 247
8.4 Critical Data and Equations of State 249
8.5 Calculation of Liquid–Vapor Equilibria 252
8.6 The Critical State 254
8.7 The Law of Corresponding States 255
8.8 Differences Between Real-Gas and Ideal-Gas
Thermodynamic Properties 256
8.9 Taylor Series 257
8.10 Summary 259

Chapter 9 SOLUTIONS 263

9.1 Solution Composition 263
9.2 Partial Molar Quantities 264
9.3 Mixing Quantities 270
9.4 Determination of Partial Molar Quantities 272
9.5 Ideal Solutions 275
9.6 Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Solutions 278
9.7 Ideally Dilute Solutions 282
9.8 Thermodynamic Properties
of Ideally Dilute Solutions 283
9.9 Summary 287

Chapter 10 NONIDEAL SOLUTIONS 294

10.1 Activities and Activity Coefficients 294
10.2 Excess Functions 297
10.3 Determination of Activities
and Activity Coefficients 298
10.4 Activity Coefficients on the Molality and Molar
Concentration Scales 305
10.5 Solutions of Electrolytes 306
10.6 Determination of Electrolyte Activity Coefficients 310
10.7 The Debye–Hückel Theory of Electrolyte Solutions 311
10.8 Ionic Association 315
10.9 Standard-State Thermodynamic Properties
of Solution Components 318
10.10 Nonideal Gas Mixtures 321
10.11 Summary 324