Page 469 - Pipelines and Risers

436 Chapter 23

Table 233 Allowable Stress for Extruded Outlet Area.

1) QMYS - specified minimum tensile strength
OS~S specified minimum yield stress
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233 LoadCases

The relevant load cases, and the load factors are shown in Table 23.3.

Table 23.3 Tee Loading.
Load Condition

Pressure test I 1.1 Fhyd I 1.1 Ahyd
Operation, unrestrained I I.IMB I I 1.1 AD,

operation, unrestrained I I 1.1 AD,
Operation, restrained 1.1 Fw 1.1 Apop

Hydrodynamic loading on the Tee body is considered negligible. Furthermore, thermal loads
on the Tee will be ignored. This is considered to be a conservative approach as temperature
effects will produce compressive loads that will reduce the net tensile loading caused by the
internal pressure.

The Tee piece external loading is extracted from installation and operational analysis of an
export pipeline. Each loadcase is here divided into sections giving a brief description of how
the external loads are determined.

Installation
Stinger