Page 185 - Plant design and economics for chemical engineers

COST ESTIMATION 159
TABLE 1
Breakdown of fixed-capital investment items for a chemical process
Direct Costs
1. Purchased equipment
All equipment listed on a complete flow sheet
Spare parts and noninstalled equipment spares
Surplus equipment, supplies, and equipment allowance
Inflation cost allowance
Freight charges
Taxes, insurance, duties
Allowance for modifications during startup
2. Purchased-equipment installation
Installation of all equipment listed on complete flow sheet
Structural supports, insulation, paint
3. Instrumentation and controls
Purchase, installation, calibration, computer tie-in
4. Piping
Process piping-carbon steel, alloy, cast iron, lead, lined, aluminum, copper, ceramic, plastic,
rubber, reinforced concrete
Pipe hangers, fittings, valves
Insulation-piping, equipment
5. Electrical equipment and materials
Electrical equipment -switches, motors, conduit, wire, fittings, feeders, grounding, instrument
and control wiring$ghting, panels
Electrical materials and labor
6. Buildings (including services)
Process buildings-substructures, superstructures, platforms, supports, stairways, ladders, access
ways, cranes, monorails, hoists, elevators
Auxiliary buildings-administration and office, medical or dispensary, cafeteria, garage, product
warehouse, parts warehouse, guard and safety, fire station, change house, personnel building,
shipping office and platform, research laboratory, control laboratory
Maintenance shops-electric, piping, sheet metal, machine, welding, carpentry, instrument
Building services-plumbing, heating, ventilation, dust collection, air conditioning, building
lighting, elevators, escalators, telephones, intercommunication systems, painting, sprinkler
systems, file alarm
I. Yard improvements
Site development-site clearing, grading, roads, walkways, railroads, fences, parking areas,
wharves and piers, recreational facilities, landscaping
8. Service facilities
Utilities-steam, water, power, refrigeration, compressed air, fuel, waste disposal
Facilities-boiler plant incinerator, wells, river intake, water treatment, cooling towers, water
storage, electric substation, refrigeration plant, air plant, fuel storage, waste disposal plant,
environmental controls, fine protection
Nonprocess equipment-office furniture and equipment, cafeteria equipment, safety and
medical equipment, shop equipment, automotive equipment, yard material-handling equip-
ment, laboratory equipment, locker-room equipment, garage equipment, shelves, bins, pallets,
hand trucks, housekeeping equipment, fue extinguishers, hoses, fire engines, loading stations
Distribution and packaging-raw-material and product storage and handling equipment, product
packaging equipment, blending facilities, loading stations
(Continued)