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Modification of polymer nanocomposites and significance of ionic liquid 325

11.9.2 Non-aqueous electrolyte

This type of electrolyte can exhibit very advanced working voltages than their aque-
ous complement. In this electrolyte, solvents can diffuse bigger quantity of salt, which
is its key benefit. The ordinary salt used regularly contains lithium ions because these
ions travel extremely quick in an electric field, and their useful ionic diameter is very
minute.

11.9.3 Ionic liquids
Ionic liquids are ionic smelted alkali poised of asymmetrical structures of cations and
charge-delocalized anions [51]. In earlier years, the use of ionic liquids is continuous
as functional additives and eco-friendly and clean solvents in the material fusion due
to its “green” character with incombustibility, high product improvement, insignifi-
cant vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and recycling capacity in combination
with tunable solubility and designable performance [52]. They are naturally conduc-
tive, building them good quality electrolytes. Ionic liquids that have very wide elec-
trochemical window usually possess the property of high viscosity. Specific typical
properties of it, counting large electrochemical window, nonflammability, huge
liquid-phase array, higher conductivity, nontoxicity, and nonvolatility, have prepared
them superb electrolyte for different electrochemical systems with supercapacitors
[53]. In comparison with usual electrolytes, they have an exclusive property of being
equally 100% solvent and 100% salts. This is avoidable to include extra salts in an
ionic liquid to get ionic conductivity. Moreover, other properties of ionic liquids,
for example, brilliant thermal stability, broad electrochemical window, and higher
conductivity, also enhance device performance. The extremely high ionic absorption
of it is possibly capable to remove the electrolyte reduction difficulty as meet by
expected electrolytes that as a result increase the capacitor performance. Additionally,
the higher environmental and chemical constancy of ionic liquids offer secure action
with extended lifetime for supercapacitors.

11.10 Significance of ionic liquids in supercapacitors

Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently attracted increased attention because of their poten-
tial application in various field such as fuel cell, gas separation, separation, absorption
refrigeration, and lubrication [54–64] (Fig. 11.4). ILs have fascinated much attention
in the earlier period for use in supercapacitors [65]. ILs were initially used in electric
double-layer capacitors like salts in solvent-based electrolytes to generate greatly con-
ducting electrolytes [66], credits to the high solubility of it in nearly all the organic
solvents used in supercapacitors [67,68]. Regarding ILs, those getting the largest con-
sideration are those that are liquid at room temperature. Room-temperature ILs are
talented electrolytes in energy storage devices. The latest application of room-
temperature ILs as electrolytes in energy storage devices (such as supercapacitors, fuel
cells, and lithium batteries) has grabbed interest of increasing number of scientists.