Page 366 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Nanofibrous composites for 12

sodium-ion batteries

* ,†
*
*
*
E. Stojanovska , F.N. Buyuknalcaci , M.D. Calisir , E.S. Pampal , A. Kilic *
†
*Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University,
Rize, Turkey
12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 Energy storage devices
Conversion and storage of energy have become a major issue in recent times because
of the increased energy request, as a consequence of the demand for decreasing depen-
dency to fossil fuel sources and environmental consequences of their use. Therefore,
finding alternative sources for both energy generation and storage has become
compulsory [1]. The role of energy storage technology in different alternative energy
generation areas, grid energy storage, and hybrid vehicle systems is becoming increas-
ingly important [2]. Today, renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind, require
rechargeable energy storage units with capacity to accumulate their excess power and
to be able to deliver it on demand. Their role is to prevent power shortages during peak
hours demand and blackouts and hence to enable better power management and power
grid stabilization. Long-lasting and high-capacity energy storage systems will also
enable integration of more renewable power sources and will reduce the need for
additional investment in upgrading networks [3].
An energy storage device is a system that stores electricity and delivers it when
required. Energy storage technologies can be categorized as mechanical, electrochem-
ical, electric, chemical, thermal, and thermochemical [4]. Among them, electrochem-
ical storage enables clean reversible energy conversion and storage, pollution control,
and greenhouse reduction. Additionally, they offer high volumetric and gravimetric
power and energy, which makes them suitable for wide range of applications. In
the group of electrochemical energy storage system, various technologies of batteries
can be found. Batteries store electric energy through electrochemical reactions. They
can be either rechargeable (secondary) or nonrechargeable (primary) systems,
depending on the materials used. Today, secondary batteries are most widely used
energy storage systems. Among them, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) take an important
place, as the most common type of rechargeable cell for portable electronic devices
[1]. Lead-acid and nickel-based (nickel’cadmium and nickel-metal-hydride) batteries
are mature technologies that face decreased demand due to the advantages of lithium-
ion. Sodium’sulfur battery was a promising technology developed before Li ion but
was overpassed due to safety concerns. New technologies such as metal-air or
sodium-ion batteries are now under development and are promising replacement
for Li-ion battery.
Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102262-7.00012-X
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