Page 398 - Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning

386 Index

Distance protection (Continued) Electrical characteristics of AC transmission
worked examples, 289 294 lines, 69 70, 70f
Distance relays, 366. See also Directional Ferranti effect voltage rise, 71f
relays; Protection relays loading of overhead transmission lines
autoreclosing function in, 231 236 limit, 70f
directionality test, 338f Electrical commissioning tests
inputs for correct measurement, 226 227 voltage transformer commissioning tests, 26
neutral impedance compensation, 227 Electrical control, 92 94
operating characteristic, 212 216, 212f, Electrical discharge magnitude, 67
217f Electrical tests
load encroachment in distance protection, AC distribution panel commissioning tests,
215f 29
Mho distance relay characteristic, 213f battery charger commissioning tests, 30
simple plan impedance characteristic, battery commissioning tests, 30
213f DC distribution panels commissioning tests, 29
special distance relay characteristic, 216f gas insulated switchgear commissioning
overreaching, 217f test, 27
protection zones, 214f high voltage cables commissioning tests, 27
switch to fault feature in, 230 power transformer commissioning, 25
Distribution networks with radial reeders, 235 protection and control panels
Distribution system, 1 commissioning tests, 28
DOC. See Directional overcurrent (DOC) Electromagnetic VT, operation principle of,
Double busbar, double breaker arrangement, 123 125
14 16, 19f Electromechanical
Double busbar/one circuit breaker IDMTL relay, 194 196
arrangement, 12, 16f time/current characteristic with different
Double end break disconnect switch, 133, time multiplier, 196f
135f types of inverse definite minimum time
Double end break V-disconnect switch, 133, characteristics, 196f
135f relays, 194, 194f, 195f, 325, 367 368
Drop off/pickup ratio, 281 Electronic relays, 196 197
DS. See Disconnect switch (DS) End-to-end test, 326
DT relays. See Definite time relays (DT Energization
relays) commissioning procedures, 28 29
Duty cycle, 86 of substation test, 366 368
Dy11 transformer differential protection, 280f directional test, 367
on-load stability test, 367 368
synchronizing/phasing checks, 367
E Energy, 32
Earth fault biomass, 34
protection, 202 204, 204f, 272, 321, 321f geothermal, 34
residual compensation factor, 293 hydroelectric, 35
Earth wires, 69 ocean or tidal, 34
Earthing switch (ES), 133, 137f, 138 139, primary, 32
143 renewable, 32 35
high-speed, 136 137, 143 solar, 32 33
Earthing transformer wind, 33 34
protection, 275 ES. See Earthing switch (ES)
sequence networks, 166, 168f Excitation
Economics, 190 191 ceiling voltage, 41
EI. See Extremely inverse (EI) response, 41
Electric field, 69 system, 35