Page 248 - Principles of Catalyst Development

238 APPENDIX 2
Bicyclopa ra/Ii ns Two-ring, bonded cycloparaffins with five- or six-membered
rings.
Bitumen The part of a petroleum, asphalt, and tar product that dissolves in
carbon disulfide.
Blending Mixing of two or more components to achieve desired properties of
the finished product.
Bromine Index Measure of the amount of bromine-reactive material in a sample.
Bromine Number A test for the degree of unsaturation in a sample.
Bottoms The higher-boiling residue removed from a distillation column.
Cajj'eine Number A measure of the amount of carcinogenic compounds in an oil.
Carbanion /011 A negatively charged hydrocarbon ion, e.g., RCH-
Carbollioll Ion A positively charged hydrocarbon ion, e.g., RCH+.
Catalytic Cracking A process in which higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbons
are converted to lighter compounds, thereby producing an improvement in
quality.
Catalytic Ref(Jrming Conversion of naphtha fractions to products of higher
octane value; principally isomerization, cyclization dehydrogenation, and
hydrocracking.
Cetene Number A measure of the ignition quality of diesel fuel.
Cloud Point The temperature at which solidifiable compounds crystallize III a
sample.
Complete Combustion Complete oxidation of a hydrocarbon giving CO 2 and
H 20 as the products.
Condensation Combination of two different organic molecules, with or without
elimination of H 20 or Hel.
Conradson Carbon A test of the amount of carbon residue left after evaporization
and pyrolysis of an oil.
Copolymer Polymer produced from two or more different monomers.
Cracking Rupture of C-C bonds in hydrocarbons to give smaller, less saturated
fragments without loss or gain of hydrogen.
Cut That portion of a crude boiling within certain temperature limits.
Cyciization Production of an alicyclic from an aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Cyc/oparaffins Saturated ring hydrocarbons, with five or six carbons to each ring.

Dearomatization Reverse of aromatization.
Decyclization Formation of an aliphatic from an alicyclic compound.
Dehalogenation Reverse of halogenation.
Dehydration The reverse of hydration, involving the splitting off of an active
hydrogen to give water or ammonia.