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218 NOTES

cbsnews.com/8301-3460_162-57596909/al-qaeda-embassy-plot-among-
most-specific-and-credible-threats-since-9-11-mccaul-says/.
27. Katherine Zimmerman, “Al Qaeda and Its Affiliates in 2013,” Ameri-
can Enterprise Institute (2013): 2, http://www.criticalthreats.org/al-qaeda/
al-qaeda-affiliates.
28. There is a debate regarding the nature of the relationship between al Qaeda
and what are often designated its subsidiaries. For more on this point, see Leah
Farrall, “Forward Focus: Assessing Al-Qaeda’s In-Theater Capabilities,” IHS
Defense, Security and Risk Consulting (2012): 14–19, http://allthingsct.files.
wordpress.com/2012/03/janes-article-2012.pdf.
29. Oren Dorell, “Al-Qaeda On the Run? No Way, Say Experts,” USA Today,
August 6, 2013, http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/08/06/al-
qaeda-middle-east/2623475/.
30. Sara Carter, “Al Qaeda Gaining Strength in Mali, North Africa,” The Wash-
ington Times, March 26, 2013, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/
mar/26/key-mali-lawmaker-challenges-obama-on-al-qaida-thr/?page=all.
See also, Sudarsan Raghavan, “Nigerian Islamist Militants Return from
Mali with Weapons, Skills,” The Washington Post, May 31, 2013, http://
articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-05-31/world/39642133_1_ northern-
mali-boko-haram-nigerian-islamist. See also, Adam Entous, Drew Hinshaw,
and David Gauthier-Villars, “Militants, Chased from Mali, Pose New Threats,”
The Wall Street Journal, May 24, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014
24127887323336104578503464066163002.html.
31. Zimmerman, “Al Qaeda and its Affiliates in 2013,” 3.
32. The Economist, “The Unquenchable Fire,” September 28, 2013, 21–23.
33. Zimmerman, “Al Qaeda and its Affiliates in 2013,” 3.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. “Islamic State Crisis: ‘3,000 European Jihadists Join Fight,’” BBC News, Sep-
tember 26 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29372494.
37. Mark Mazzetti and Helene Cooper, “U.S. Officials and Experts at Odds on
Threat Posed by ISIS,” New York Times, August 22, 2014.
38. Liz Sly, “Al-Qaeda Expands in Syria via Islamic State,” The Washington Post,
August 12, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/al-qaeda-expands-
in-syria-via-islamic-state/2013/08/12/3ef71a26-036a-11e3-9259-e2aaf-
e5a5f84_story.html.
39. Ibid.
40. Mark Mazzetti, “Interpol Asks Nations to Help Track Terror Suspects Freed
in Prison Breaks,” The New York Times, August 3, 2013, http://www.nytimes.
com/2013/08/04/world/interpol-issues-alert-on-prison-breaks-in-9-nations.
html?_r=0.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid.
43. Carol J. Williams, “Spree of Jailbreaks Stirs Fear of New Al Qaeda Threat,”
The Los Angeles Times, July 31, 2013, http://www.latimes.com/news/world/
worldnow/la-fg-wn-prison-breakouts-al-qaeda-20130730,0,3702148.story.