Page 290 - Radiochemistry and nuclear chemistry

274 Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry
TABLE 9.5. Ro~lionuclides applied in nuclear medicine

Nuclide Decay Particle Applications**
half-life mode energy (keV)*
3H 12.33 y ff 18.6/3 AN. BA all chem. comp.
l lC 20.39 m EC/3 + 960/3, 511 7 As CO 2, HCN, HCHO, CH3I. DG PET: brain, glucose
~4C 5730 y /3" 156/3 AN
13N 9.965 m /3+ 1190/3, 511 7 As NH 3. DG PET
150 2.037 m /3+ 1723/3, 511 7 As HgO. 13(3 PET
lSF 1.830 h /3+EC 635/3, 511 7 BA skeleton. As ion or F 2. DG PET
24Na 14.659 h if7 1389/3, 1369, 2754 7 AN. BA circulatory system.
32p 14.282 d /3" 1710/3 AN. BA skeleton, bone marrow. TP: leukemia 200 MBq
phosphate.
35S 87.5 d ff 1674/3 AN
42K 12.360 h if7 3523, 1970/3, 1525 7 AN liquid volume. BA muscles.
47Ca 4.536 d if7 1981, 684/3, 1297 7 BA skeleton. DG: bone
51Cr 27.704 d EC7 320 7 BA spleen. 13(3: kidney funct.(clearance) 4 MBq EDTA.
55Fe 2.73 y EC BA: red blood cells
59Fe 44.50 d /3"7 475, 273/3, 1099, 1292 7 13t3: ion
57(20 271.77 d EC 122, 137 3' BA liver.
5SCo 70.92 d /3+ 811, 511 7 13(3: vitamin BI 2
~~ 5.271 y /3 315/3, 1333, 1173 3' TP: cancer. Source > 107 MBq.
68Ga 1.135 h /3+EC 1830/3, 511, 1077 7 BA intestine. 13(3: ion, EDTA or citrate.
75Se 119.77 d EC (864) 136, 265,280 3' BA kidney, liver. DG: methionine
85Sr 64.84 d EC 514 7 BA skeleton. DG: skeleton 2 MBq ion.
99mI'c 6.006 h IT 140 7 DG: Thyroid 100 MBq TOO4; heart 400 MBq TOO4; lung
(perfusion, emboli) 80 MBq albumin particles; liver
(tumor, size, funct.) 100 MBq colloid, or 150 MBq HIDA;
kidney 200 MBq DTPA (clearance), DMSA (renography),
and other compounds; skeleton (metastasis) 400 MBq
phosphate; brain (tumor, cerebral hemorrhage) ToO 4 or
DTPA. Etc.
1111n 2.807 d EC (864) 171,245 7 DG: spinal cord ion, oxime or DTPA.
113mln 1.658 h IT (392) 392 3' DG: ion, oxime or DTPA.
123I 13.2 h EC (1232) 159 7 BA thyroid. DG: Kidney funct. 40 MBq hippuran; thyroid.
125I 60.1 d EC (178) 35 7 BA thyroid. IX3: Thrombosis 4 MBq fibrinogen. Kidney
function hippuran
131I 8.040 d ff 606/3, 365 7 DG thyroid funct. 2 MBq ion. Kidney 1-10 MBq hippuran.
TP: 300 MBq ion hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
133Xe 5.24 d ff 346/3, 81 7 DG Lung emboli, 1000 MBq gas (radiospirometry), brain.
137Cs 30.0 y /3" 514/3, 662 7 TP: cancer. Source > 106 MBq.
186Re 3.777 d ff 309, 362/3, 137 3' bone cancer
lSSRe 16.98 h /3" 728, 795/3, 155 7 pain
19SAu 2.6935 d ff 961/3, 412 3' TP: 150 MBq spread of ovarian cancer.
2~ 3.05 d EC (480) 167 7 BA: para-thyroid, kidney. DG Heart (infarct) 50 MBq ion
* Particle energy (decay energy), ** Common radiochemical species; ion=ionic as chloride, sulfate, etc.
AN=biochemical analysis, BA=biological affinity, DG=diagnostically (imaging), TP=therapeutically

life, allowing detailed imaging of the brain. The average absorbed whole body dose in such
a SPECT scan is about 0.01 Sv. Figure 9.16 (fight) shows three 133Xe gamma-camera
pictures of patients with Alzheimers disease (ALZ), frontal lobe dements (FLD) and multi-
infarct dements (MID). 133Xe decays by emitting an 80 keV 7, thus the pictures show