Page 118 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts
P. 118
Feedstock Reference Yield site Acid Strength Surface (%) density (mmol area (mmol/g) SO 3 H/g) (m 2 /g) and Thushari 92.70 3.8 1.33 oil palm Waste (2018) Babel (2017) al. et Endut 88.15 3.213 0.507 24.17 oil Palm al. et Huang 92.20 5.05 1.41 113.1 and Jatropha (2016) 93.20 5.35 1.06 2.7
S time (h) 1 15 10 10 2 15 10 8 24 24 24 10 5 10
sulfonation. S temp ( C) 100 100 150 150 150 423 210 180 150 150 150 473 90 150
indirect C time (h) 5 4 20 2 1 0.5 1 15 4 5
by C temp 500 700
preparation ( C) 110 422 260 400 400 648 723 527 527 527 bark 723 350 400
Catalyst coconut meal shell De-alkaline lignin Xanthoceras sorbifolia hull bunge Sugarcane bagasse oil Vegetable asphalt Mesua seed L. ferrea Hardwood and Hardwood softwood wood shaving shell Jatropha seed curcas Calophyllum inophyllum seed
4.1 Biomass Deoiled Coconut Deoiled White and Peanut Deoiled Deoiled
Table S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
