Page 144 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Sources and operations of waste biorefineries 115

Raw
material/ Bioproducts Bioenergy
feedstock

Mechanical Biochemical
operation process
Biorefinery
system

Chemical
Platform
reaction

Figure 5.2 Biorefinery classification and operation.

1. platform’s name and number,
2. feedstocks,
3. products, and
4. alternatively processes.

5.4 Sources of waste biorefinery

The categories of waste biorefinery predominantly rely upon the type and origin of
feedstock. For example, farming waste biorefinery relies upon the residues from
agricultural fields. Forest waste biorefinery depends on biomass obtained from for-
est. Industrial or municipal waste biorefinery relays on the procedure wastes or
remains, and residential waste. The aquaculture biorefinery relies upon the seaweed
and algal biomass. As of late an electro-biorefinery idea has been suggested for gas-
eous materials such as carbon dioxide. Fig. 5.3 represents the different sources of
waste biorefineries.

5.4.1 Agriculture
A few rural deposits and biomass are generated in the developing nations, such as
rice straw, fruit waste, narrows shrub leaves, green waste, palm trees, wood chips,
seeds of tomato, dates, and tobacco. The following are few processes involving
biorefinery concept to generate energy products: biohydrogen from hemicelluloses