Page 394 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Agroindustry wastes: biofuels 16

and biomaterials feedstocks for
sustainable rural development

3
2
1
Moonmoon Hiloidhari , Nilutpal Bhuyan , Nirmali Gogoi ,
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5
4
6
Dibyakanta Seth , Ankit Garg , Anoop Singh , Shiv Prasad and
Rupam Kataki 2
1
IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India,
2 3
Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, Department of Environmental
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Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, Department of Food Engineering and Technology,
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Tezpur University, Tezpur, India, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
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Shantou University, Shantou, China, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,
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Government of India, New Delhi, India, Centre for Environment Science & Climate
Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
16.1 Agroindustry scenario in the world and India

About 36% of the global land area is some degree suitable for agricultural produc-
tion, and 1.5 billion ha of land is currently under crop production (arable land and
land under permanent crops) [FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations), 2018]. Nearly 2.7 billion ha of global land surface can further be
made available for potential expansion of crop production. The most prevalent
crops cultivated across the globe are cereals (barley, maize, rice, millet, rye, sor-
ghum, and wheat) (Leff et al., 2004). In particular, wheat, maize, barley, rice, and
millet are predominantly cultivated over two-thirds of the world’s cropland. Wheat
is the most abundant crop globally (22% global cultivated area is under wheat).
Rice is the major crop in tropical and subtropical countries. Other major crops
grown globally are cassava, cotton, groundnuts or peanuts, oil palm fruit, potatoes,
pulses, rapeseed or canola, soybeans, sugarcane, sugar beets, and sunflower (Leff
et al., 2004).
Different estimates are available on global potential of agricultural wastes. The
variations are due to differences in assessment procedure (survey, secondary data
based or modern using geographical information system (GIS) tools), types of feed-
stocks, and their characteristics (residue production ratio, productivity), competing
uses, land use and ecological, geographical, and logistics constraints. Lal (2005)
reported that global crop residue production is 3.8 billion tons in 2001, of which
74% contributed by cereals, 8% by legumes, 3% by crops, 10% by sugar crops, and
5% by tubers (Table 16.1). Cereals contribute 2.8 billion tons residues annually,
Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818996-2.00016-8
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