Page 442 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Food industry waste biorefineries: future energy, valuable recovery, and waste treatment 401

Lignocellulosic
waste

Pretreatment

Liquid Solid
fraction fraction
Enzymatic
hydrolysis

Solid Liquid
Anaerobic
Lignin fraction fraction
treatment
Fermentation
Biogas Distillation
Second generation
Energy Fertilizer biofuels

Figure 17.3 Combined processes for the generation of second generation products.

The utilization of the waste, produced during ethanol production form bagaase,
can be ecologically and economically suitable with is great challenges. At present,
the existing microorganisms utilize the pentoses from the liquid residuals to pro-
duce ethanol, but at low concentration (Kaparaju et al., 2009). There are some
approaches to reuse vinasse, such as thermal concentration, land application, utiliza-
tion for animal feed, and recycling to form partially dilute molasses (Andrade et al.,
2009). These wastes can be utilized for the production of biogas to remove the
organic matter from effluents. And further, the effluent produced during biogas for-
mation can be used as fertilizer for farming land (Liu et al., 2006). Lignin present
in liquid residue could be employed to precipitation followed by heat and energy
production (Sassner et al., 2008).

17.10 Conclusion and future perspective

The design of biorefineries, various steps, and features should be measured and
examined carefully before the commercialization of integrated processes. Issues
related to feedstock selection, transportation, stability, and social acceptance should
be figured out in near future.
In the case of plant-derived food waste the researchers are mainly attracted by
cereal or oil crops waste instead of fruits and vegetables wastes. The high-value
compounds extracted from these wastes may act as effective components of food,
cosmetic, and many pharmaceutical compounds, thus deserve their recovery.
Utilization of different types of feedstocks will be promising solution about the