Page 576 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

526 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Table 24.1 Inputs for Jatropha biodiesel production (Gillani, 2013).
Process Inputs Unit Amount

Fertilizer N kg/ha/year 104.86
Fertilizer P kg/ha/year 168.54
Cultivation Fertilizer K kg/ha/year 79.21
Water kg/ha/year 18
Diesel kg/ha/year 105
Transportation Diesel MJ/1 t 100 km 79

Mechanical Electricity kW h/t of seeds 75
Oil extraction Steam kg/t of seeds 280
Chemical Electricity kW h/t of seeds 55
Hexane kg/t of seeds 4
Methanol kg/t of biodiesel 96
NaOH kg/t of biodiesel 12.8
Transesterification
Steam kg/t of biodiesel 660
Electricity kW h/t of biodiesel 40

the formation of deposits on the injectors and in the combustion chamber
(Habibullah, 2015). Diesel indirect injection engines such as the Indian-made Lister
can directly use Jatropha oil without modifications (Eckart, 2012).
Two power circuits can be developed on the same engine (Habibullah, 2015;
Eckart, 2012). One is used by diesel and the other by Jatropha oil. The starting and
stopping of the engine are made from diesel fuel (Eckart, 2012). Then manual or
automatic switching is performed for the use of the oil circuit when the correct
operating temperature is reached (Eckart, 2012). This avoids the effects of poor
cold properties of the oil and deposits in the combustion chamber (Eckart, 2012).
The Jatropha biodiesel due to its characteristics very similar to diesel can be
used directly in diesel engines without modifications (Eckart, 2012).

24.3 Aim of the study

As mentioned earlier, Jatropha biodiesel could be used as a source of energy for
diesel generators supplying electricity to isolated villages in Cˆ ote d’Ivoire. This is
to improve an access to electricity while preserving the environment. However, it’s
important before considering such a project to study its feasibility. Thus in this
chapter the environmental and energy performances of Jatropha biodiesel used as
fuel to produce electricity are studied using the life cycle assessment (LCA)
method. In addition to the LCA, technical and economic analyses of electricity
generation for an Ivorian village of 500 people are carried out.