Page 144 - Renewable Energy Devices and System with Simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS

6 Design of Residential

Photovoltaic Systems

Tamás Kerekes, Dezső Séra, László Máthé,
and Kenn H.B. Frederiksen

CONTENTS
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................131
6.1 Introduction about Worldwide PV Systems ..........................................................................131
6.2 Design Procedure for Residential PV Systems .....................................................................132
6.2.1 Grid-Connected or Stand-Alone Systems .................................................................132
6.2.2 Load Pattern Evaluation (Cover the Load over 1-Hour/1-Year Periods) ..................133
6.2.3 Solar Resource Evaluation ........................................................................................134
6.2.4 PV Array Sizing (kWp) (Over- versus Undersizing) ................................................134
6.2.5 Choosing the String and Array Configuration ..........................................................135
6.2.6 Choosing the PV Inverter ..........................................................................................136
6.2.7 What Is the Yield and Performance Ratio? ...............................................................138
6.3 Case Study for Designing a Residential PV System ............................................................141
6.3.1 Methodology: Design Procedure ..............................................................................141
6.3.2 Comments to the Design Differences for TF and Crystalline-Si Systems................147
6.3.3 System Performance Monitoring ..............................................................................148
6.3.4 Warranty of Modules ................................................................................................148
6.3.5 Warranty of Inverters ................................................................................................148
6.3.6 Warranty of BOS Components .................................................................................148
6.3.7 PV System Price .......................................................................................................148
6.4 Summary ...............................................................................................................................149
References ......................................................................................................................................150

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy has become very important both worldwide and on the European market, mainly
due to the decrease in the photovoltaic (PV) system cost (up to 75%) during the last decade. PV
installations worldwide have reached 227 GW at the end of 2015 with a predicted extra 50 GW of
new installation in 2016. Residential systems are a key element in the success story of PV rooftop
installations. This chapter discusses the design of residential PV installations, with focus on rooftop
grid-connected systems, which represent the vast majority of small-scale PV systems.

6.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT WORLDWIDE PV SYSTEMS
The photovoltaic (PV) technology continues to increase its share in the global energy market, with
an exceptionally fast growth in the last few decades, reaching a cumulative capacity of 227 GW by
the end of 2015, with a predicted extra 50 GW of new installations for 2016 [1].
According to a report from SolarPower Europe (formerly European Photovoltaic Industry
Association), the price of PV systems decreased by more than 75% in the last 10 years, making PV
cost competitive with fossil fuel energy generation in several countries. Fueled by this strong cost

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