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124 CHAPTER 5 Surveys

presented is the one relevant to the respondent. This is similar to the “expand and col-
lapse” menus that exist on many web pages. On a further note, the first question of the
entire survey should always be a question that applies to everybody (Dillman, 2000).

5.8 EXISTING SURVEYS
It is important to note that there are many existing surveys that have already been
tested and validated in the research literature in HCI. If a survey tool has already been
developed, there is no need to create one from scratch.
For most research purposes, there will be a need to create a new survey tool.
However, for tasks such as usability testing and evaluation, there are already a num-
ber of existing survey tools. Usually, these survey tools can be modified in minimal
ways. For instance, one section of the survey tool can often be used independently of
others. See Table 5.1 for a list of established survey tools.

Table 5.1 Survey Tools in HCI
Tool Citations
Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) Lewis (1995)
Interface Consistency Testing Questionnaire (ICTQ) Ozok and Salvendy (2001)
Perdue Usability Testing Questionnaire (PUTQ) Lin et al. (1997)
Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS) Chin et al. (1988)
Slaughter et al. (1994)
http://www.lap.umd.edu/quis/
Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) http://sumi.uxp.ie/
Website Analysis and MeasureMent Inventory (WAMMI) http://wammi.uxp.ie/

For more information about existing surveys for usability evaluation, the reader is encouraged to visit
http://garyperlman.com/quest/.

5.9 PAPER OR ONLINE SURVEYS?
An important question is to determine if you want to distribute surveys using paper,
the web, e-mail, or a combination of the three. The traditional method is to use paper-
based surveys. A benefit of this is that a majority of individuals can use a paper survey;
however, people who are blind, visually impaired, or have a print-related disability
will not be able to use a paper survey (see Chapter 16 for more information on doing
research with computer users with disabilities). If you only use an electronic sur-
vey (web or e-mail), you are automatically cutting out any potential respondents who
do not have access to a computer and a network, which may include users who are
economically disadvantaged, or ethnic or racial groups that have lower base rates of
computer access (Andrews et al., 2003). In addition, if you are creating an electronic
survey, you must make sure that the interface is usable by a wide range of individu-
als who may respond to your survey (such as users with disabilities and older users).