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44 Reservoir Formation Damage

by hydration (Hayatdavoudi, 1999, 1999). Hence, higher hydration index is
indicative of more clay swelling, according to (Hayatdavoudi, 1999, 1999):

AG = A// - TAS = /mn[O/OH] (2-41)
where G, H, S, T, and R denote the free energy, enthalpy, entropy, abso-
lute temperature, and the universal gas constant, respectively. Figure 2-28
by Hayatdavoudi (1999) shows that all clays possess some degree of the
work of swelling and therefore classification of different clays as swell-
ing or non-swelling has no significance.

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