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a. V (m/s)
p
6000 4000 3000 2000 1000
300
SANDSTONE
2
Lama and Vutukuri (1978)
4
Carmichael (1982)
7 Jizba (1991)
200
UCS (MPa)
100
3
6
5
1
0
50 100 150 200 250
t (µs/ft)
b. 400
SANDSTONE
Lama and Vutukuri (1978)
Carmichael (1982)
300 Jizba (1991)
Wong et al. (1997) 8
UCS (MPa) 200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
E (GPa)
c. 400
SANDSTONE
Lama and Vutukuri (1978)
Jizba (1991)
300
Kwasniewski (1989)
Wong et al. (1997)
UCS (MPa) 200
100 9
10
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
f
Figure 4.14. Comparison between different empirical laws (Table 4.1) for the dependence of the
strength of sandstones on (a) compressional wave velocity, (b) Young’s modulus and (c) porosity.
After Chang, Zoback et al.(2006). Reprinted with permission of Elsevier.
