Page 645 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

behaviour 85, 92, 97, 103–5, 136, 139, 141, Sulphur 354, 484 Tension tests 104
294, 315, 317 Superposition, principle of 153, 157, 180, Tensor transformation 27
post-peak 85, 90, 109 183, 184, 217, 220, 277, 288, 509, Terzaghi correction 76, 87, 104
curves 86, 89, 90, 91–5, 96, 102, 103, 109, 515, 522, 529, 530 Terzaghi’s effective stress law 87, 104
155, 156, 297, 413 Support Tetrahedal block, support design 261, 328
triaxial tests 101, 109, 121, 413, 414 active 313, 328, 434, 447 Thrust 65, 66, 146, 226–8, 229–32, 235–7,
models 318 artificial, purpose of 352, 408, 423, 425 241, 308, 310, 391, 447, 496, 503,
relations 34, 35, 45, 175, 238, 288, 511, concrete 478 580–1
522 curve 320, 321 due to caving 503, 580
Stress–traction relations 40 design 205, 206, 421, 437, 518 lateral 226–8, 229–31, 235–7, 241
Strike pillars 430 face 218, 272, 345, 436, 439, 441, 446–8 Timber supports see Support, timber
Strip packing 516 geomechanics classification 78, 84, 134, Time domain reflectometry (TDR) 558, 561
Structural data 57, 60, 67, 69, 72 505 Tomographic scans 538
collecting 57, 60 individual blocks 120, 243, 327, 479 Topography, surface 143, 144, 161, 354, 500
presentation 69, 72 line calculations 320, 575, 577 Torque 65, 66
Structural design, mine 2, 3, 166 load 217, 256, 259, 272, 315, 365, 447–8, Toussaint–Heintzmann arch 346
Structure 447–8, 546 Traction 17, 18–21, 23, 27, 40, 142, 167, 172,
geological 3, 7, 12, 16, 160, 310, 373, 440, local 13, 301, 327, 332, 417, 435, 436 174, 175, 179–81, 196, 261, 264, 287,
452, 558 massive rock 217, 221, 373, 374 288, 291, 511
and mining method 374, 440, 442, 462, materials and techniques 338, 343–6 components 18, 19, 21, 23, 27, 40
567 passive 313, 341 excavation-induced 167, 180, 183, 285,
Sublevel caving 8, 342, 366, 367, 369, 430, powered face 447–8, 447 286, 291, 292
453, 454–8, 460–3, 464, 465, 477, pressure 217, 220, 313–23, 314, 321, 329, nodal 196
483, 485, 486, 501, 558 408, 416, 419, 577–579 surface 29, 145, 179, 183, 194, 243, 271,
applications 339, 343, 440, 449, 558 principles 317 275
geomechanics issues 13, 430, 454, radial 313, 314, 315, 319 Tramming drives 13, 348
465 reaction 315, 316, 320 Transducers 65, 94, 534, 538–41, 546, 548,
layout, design 453, 454, 456, 458, 460, determination 320 551–3
462–5, 483 line 320 Transformers, linear variable differential
longitudinal methods 281, 366, 371, 453, regional 430, 436 (LVDTs) 101, 547, 551
458, 463, 464 shield-type 447 Transient cavity pressure 521
and subsidence 501–6 steel 346 Transient energy, absorber 271
transverse method 464 stiffness 315, 316, 577–9 Transverse waves 283
see also Progressive hangingwall caving surface 218, 272, 345, 439 see also Swaves
Sublevel open stoping 356, 357, 426 terminology 312, 371, 425 Triaxial
Subsidence 46, 133, 354, 469, 484–517, 484, thrust 447 cell 100–2, 101, 104, 105, 120, 121
485, 495, 497, 499, 501, 507, 544, timber 312, 313, 317, 436 compression 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 117,
546, 561 time of installation 313, 315, 328 118, 139–41, 146
active 515 wire mesh 321, 338, 344 compressive strength 113
angle of draw 498, 507 Supported mine structures see Mining testing 101, 109, 121, 413, 414
continuous see Continuous methods Tributary area 375–6, 437
critical area & width 507, 515, 517 Surface energy 92, 108 analysis 384–402
crown holes 454, 455 Surface mapping 58, 60, 61 method 375–8, 384, 389–90
described 484, 506 see also Scanline theory 15, 437
discontinuous see Discontinuous Surface slope 497, 506, 509 Trough subsidence 484, 508, 510, 511
displacement 29, 574 Surface subsidence see Subsidence Tunnelling quality index (Q)78
monitoring 513 Surface topography 143, 144, 161, 354, 500
pillar collapse 484 Surface waves 517, 532, 533, 535 UK see United Kingdom
plug see Plug subsidence S waves 283, 304–6, 307–9 Undercut 322, 351, 367, 369, 416, 465,
profiles 484, 486, 508, 509, 513–6 Swell 361, 365–7, 480 467–76, 478, 487, 498, 561–3
influence functions 509, 510 Swelling clays 6, 130 dimensions 469
profile functions 509, 510 initiation 471
residual 515 Tape, extensometer 549, 561 orientation 330, 352, 361, 368, 474, 476,
surface 227, 360, 430, 440, 454, 465, 484, Telfer Gold Mine, Australia 549 478
486, 497, 500, 501, 507, 509, 513, Tendons shape 476
546, 561 grouted 408 span 416
slope 497, 506, 509 reinforcement see Cables United Kingdom (UK) 51, 52, 440, 441, 447,
types of 484–6 stiffness 335 448, 452, 507–9, 511–14, 515, 516
trough 506, 507, 514 Tennessee Marble 97, 103, 297 coalfields 447, 448, 507, 511, 512, 515,
see Continuous; Discontinuous Tensile cutoff 107, 513 516
Subsidence caving 469 Tensile strength 5, 51, 107, 108, 130, longwall mining 452
Sulphates 6 132, 135, 153, 198–200, 224, 280, National Coal Board 486, 507, 508,
Sulphides 121, 353, 354, 521 339 513–15

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