Page 640 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

Panel caving 470–2, 473, 474, 476, 477, 479, spalling 373, 374, 383, 398, 404, 452, 559 Pressure
496, 498, 500, 558 stability 92, 296–8, 299, 452 borehole record 153–5
Panels 301, 371, 434, 440–1, 443–4, 452, 506, stiffness 296, 297, 406, 407 cells 544, 546, 552, 553, 554
508, 510, 515–7 strain energy changes 272 chamber test 138
Partial extraction 387, 434, 435, 482, 515, 516 stratiform orebodies 224, 296, 297, 299, Pre-undercut 472–4
Particle Flow Code (PFC3D) 471 356, 363, 371, 374, 384, 390, 391, 406 Primary waves 283
Particle velocity 279–80, 283, 533, 538, 539 strength 375, 379, 381, 383, 385, 386, 392, Principal plane, defined 23, 42, 99, 374
Paste fill 363, 410, 416, 426–8 395, 417, 452 Production rates 3, 12, 301, 367, 368, 400, 413
Pattern rock bolting 321, 329 formula 384, 388–90, 395, 452 and mining method 367–70, 391, 408
Peak shear strength 125, 127, 132, 141, 332 peak 373, 398, 417, 426 Profile functions 509, 510
Pea Ridge Mine, USA 463, 464 residual 417 Progressive hangingwall caving 454, 485,
Perimeter blasting 527, 528, 531, 532 stress 373, 375–8, 375, 377, 382–5, 382, 501–6, 502, 504, 505, 580–4
Periodic weighing 446 383, 391, 392, 394, 398 angle of break 498, 499, 503, 503, 583
Permeability 51, 53, 57, 68, 104, 359, 410–3, average axial 88, 375–7, 385, 391 failure plane inclination 583
538 distribution 367, 397, 398, 401, 419, 438, limiting equilibrium analysis 502–6, 503–5
Perseverance Mine, Western Australia, 444, 521, 525 580–4
Australia 464, 464 evolution of 198, 373, 374, 391, 394, shear planes and 502
Persistence 3, 53, 54, 64, 69, 78, 224, 255 398, 401, 410, 419, 523 tension crack depth 583
Photoelastic plugs 546, 554 tributary area analysis 377, 385, 438 thrust due to caving 503, 580, 581
Pillar strike 430 water pressure forces 503, 581
-backfill interaction 417, 417 support 99 Projections, hemispherical see Hemispherical
barrelling (bulging) 374 transverse fracturing 229, 463 PT Freeport Indonesia’s Deep Ore Zone
barrier 371, 372, 406 and uniaxial loading 372, 375, 376 (DOZ) Mine 561, 562, 563
blasting effect on 13, 221, 264 width 562 P waves 139, 283, 284, 290, 304, 306–8, 521,
in block caving 465 yielding 301 524, 535
burst 308, 393, 432 Piping 484, 501 source 383, 532
chain 371, 440, 441, 452, 516 see also Chimney caving Pyhasalmi Mine, Finland 428–9
coal 380, 384, 516 Placer deposits 352 Pyrite 57
collapse 384, 394, 484 Plane problems 26–8, 41, 173
compression tests 417 Plane strain 44, 110, 166–9, 171, 186, 198, Quadratic isoparametric formulation 183, 189
confinement 382, 383 230, 314, 315, 404, 405, 419, 512 Quartz 57, 88, 103, 105, 113, 122, 129, 145
crown 371, 394, 403–5, 468, 487, 493, 558, Plane waves 281–3 veins,129, 145
559, 560 Plane of weakness 117, 118, 119, 133, 141, Quartz diorite 105
crushing 294, 392, 404 158, 204–8, 234, 263, 277, 302, 485 Quartzite 88, 103, 113, 123, 140, 146, 391,
deformation mechanics 417 see also Discontinuities; Joints 431
dilution of ore 423–4 Plastic deformation 86, 115, 116, 136, 510, Quirke Mine, Canada 391–4, 392, 394
dip 430 576
dynamic loading 274–5 Plastic displacement 132 Raises 6, 13, 100, 112, 348, 356, 360, 361,
extraction 12, 165, 395, 400, 401, 423, 426 Plasticity theory 115 368, 410, 476
failure 297, 373, 378, 380, 384, 385, 390, Plastic potential function 116 access 6, 356, 360
393, 394, 398, 406, 452 Plug subsidence 485, 487, 488 bored 100, 112
and Factor of Safety 383–6, 388, 389, see also Chimney caving slot 348, 356
391–4, 405, 406 Pneumatic wedging 525 Rayleigh wave 533
modes 373 Point load test and index 68, 78, 97, 98, 99, Recementation 48, 361
induced axial load 272–3 113 Reciprocal theorem 35
kinetic energy 275, 303, 438 Poisson’s ratio 36–7, 87, 89, 104, 139, 143, Recrystallisation 143, 145
load-deflection diagram 273, 274 151 Reinforcement 200, 213, 217–8, 312–46, 341,
load-deformation characteristics 296, 353, Polar nets 74 58, 408–9, 421–2, 421, 428, 429, 444,
416 Polyaxial compression 104 449–51, 463–5, 471–4, 477, 543,
loading 275, 372, 373, 440, 452 Polyaxial stress 99 563–7
open stoping 371 Pore pressure 87, 101, 103, 104, 139, 154, active length 330, 337
panel 371, 372, 391, 395, 406 409, 410, 425, 445 block caving 477–8
performance 296, 372, 378, 382, 384, 385, Pore water 5, 87, 103, 105, 409 cable bolt 312, 337–41, 408, 428, 439, 449,
391–3, 395, 400, 453 see also Groundwater 451, 465, 478, 563, 564
in plastic mode 405 Porosity 87, 104, 105, 113, 416 deformability 191, 317, 328, 335
recovery 12, 352, 357, 362, 389, 401, 402, Porphyry copper ore bodies 352 design 11, 192, 326, 333, 338, 428, 474
409, 417, 423, 425, 427 see also Copper empirical rules 332, 333
rib 482 Portland cement 339, 341, 412–3, 415, 424 rock mass classification 333
in room-and-pillar mining 7, 165, 225, 350, Post-undercut 472–4, 561 finite difference model 335
355, 356, 365, 370, 372, 391, 393, Pozzolans 412, 426 load generated 448
395, 452, 484, 493 Premier Mine, South Africa 324 long cable 409, 465, 564
shape factors 391 Pre-reinforcement 317, 322–6, 324–6 massive rock 197, 213, 217, 221
slip 396–7 Pre-split blasting 528–31 materials and techniques 338–42

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