Page 637 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

compressive, in stope crowns 155, 421 Gold mines 49–50, 50, 345, 430–2, 434–6, -tendon bond 335–7, 422
and drilling parameters 67 439, 454, 462, 549 Grouted dowels 329
due to blasting 221 South Africa 49–50, 50, 345, 430, 431, Grouting 324, 339, 340, 342, 450, 543
gas in 525–6 434–7, 439 Gunite 342
hydraulic 161 Gold reefs 299, 301, 302
radial 526, 531 Gordonstone Mine, Queensland, Australia Hangingwall failure model 50, 439, 486, 502
sets, and in situ stress 146, 434 442, 443, 445, 446 Hardening parameter 117
tension 206, 227, 398, 558 Grade distribution 354, 356 Harmonic extraction 517
transverse 229 Grade, ore 356, 359, 479 Haulage drives 197, 211, 348, 564
see also Discontinuities; Joints Grading 57, 401, 410–1, 411 Haunches 226
Fragmentation 53, 77, 367, 454, 476–9, 525, Grain 3, 47, 49, 88, 92, 93, 96, 103, 113 Heave, floor rock 224, 225, 390, 453, 465
538 packing 113 Heim’s Rule 160
and blasting 53, 366, 367, 454, 524–6, 538, size 47, 88, 96, 113 Hemispherical projections 71, 72, 568
542 Grain-sliding 103 basic constructions 568
and draw control 458, 465, 469, 479, 481, Gr¨angesberg Mine, Sweden 502, 502 great circles 72
487, 495 Granite 80, 103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, pole to a plane 568, 569
in situ 478 117, 141, 160, 215 rotation about inclined axis 572, 573
primary 367, 478 Graphite 48, 123, 125, 129, 558, 561 true dip and dip direction 571, 572
secondary 478–9 Gravity draw 476 Henderson Mine, Colorado, USA 500
Frequency, corner 306, 307, 311 Gravity flow 454–63, 477, 481, 483 Herringbone extraction level layout 477
Fretting 373, 390, 392 broken or caved ore 454–63 Hoek-Brown strength criterion 81, 112,
Friction ellipsoid of motion 454–7, 459 113–5, 114, 134–6, 198, 215, 322,
angle 122–9, 132–3, 412 and extraction drift width 462 323, 383, 492–3
coefficient of 6, 122, 303, 328 and flow ellipsoid 454, 455, 459 Hoek’s hangingwall failure analysis 502
and fractured rock 219–21 limit ellipsoid 454, 456, 457, 459, 483 Homestake Mine 428
limiting 191, 219, 258 loosening factor 483 Homogeneous zones 60
mobilising 221, 264 Gravity loading 225, 226, 229, 476 Hooke’s Law 35, 36, 279, 281
and peripheral rock performance 264 Great circles 71–3, 83, 245, 247, 248, 568, Hydraulic
Frictional resistance 128, 191, 235, 241, 243, 569, 570–2 conductivity 57
412, 424, 528, 561 Great Dyke of Rhodesia, The 49 feed machines 65
maximum 191 Griffith fracturing 148, 153–5, 154, 161, 446, 468
shear stress 241, 243 crack theory 107–9, 108, 299, 524, 527 pressure cells 552–4
Fringe (isochromatic) pattern 166 locus 107, 109 props 313, 434, 436–8
Frozen-stress method 166 Grinding, autogenous 367, 479 radius 267, 469, 470, 475
Funnelling 484 Ground characteristic line 315, 320, 448 see also Permeability
see also Chimney caving Ground control 299, 301, 370, 401, 408–9, Hydrology 4, 12, 367
419, 423–9 see also Groundwater
Gabbro 114 and backfill 357, 358, 408–9, 417, 423–8, Hydrostatic component 25, 117
Gases, mine 354 425 Hydrothermal deposits 352
Gate roads 448, 452 near-field 370
Gath’s Mine, Zimbabwe 505, 505 of reinforcement 427, 429 Igneous rocks 48, 49, 103, 114
Gauss Divergence Theorem 193, 194 Ground motion 305, 309, 532–4, 535–8, Impedance, characteristic 279, 280, 283, 425
Gaussian methods 151, 182 539–41, 542 Inclusions, effect on in situ stress 145
Gelignites 519 damage 532, 534, 536, 537, 538 Influence functions 509, 510
Geological data see Structural data instrumentation for 538, 544 Instability
Geological Strength Index (GSI) 78, 81–2, 82, near-field, monitoring 538 fault slip 301–4, 303, 308, 404–5, 404,
135, 136, 138, 322, 323 peak 53 431–2, 432
Geomechanics quantifying 534–6 pillar crushing 294, 392, 404
classification 78, 84, 134, 505 shock spectrum 534 Instruments, monitoring 547
convention 17, 39–40, 41, 42, 282 vibration packets 540 Integral methods, stress analysis 179
defined 1 waveforms 539 International Society for Rock Mechanics
and mining programmes 13, 351 Ground reaction curve 322, 323, 324 (ISRM) see ISRM
see also Beniawski; Laubscher Groundwater 3–6, 12, 78, 79, 80, 81, 158, Interpolation functions 181–6
Geophones 304, 305, 539, 540, 557 164, 354, 489–93, 502, 543, 544 Intraformational shears 49
Geophysical measurements 64, 69, 138, 354 level 490–2, 544 Isoparametric formulation 183, 189
see also Downhole logs and mine design 3, 14, 165, 543 Isostasy 144
Geotechnical drilling 64–8, pressure 3, 78, 79, 158, 164, 489, 490, 493, Isotropic hardening 116
Geotechnical engineering 1, 87, 543 502, 543 Isotropy, transverse 36, 117
Geotechnical environment 7 and chimney caving analysis 484–9, 490, ISRM Commission 51–3, 54–6, 58, 69, 88,
Germany 308, 510 493–5 90–2, 97, 98, 120
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) 546, 548 measurements 158, 164, 544, 545 borehole extensometers 547, 549, 550–2,
Gneiss 160, 320, 321 Grout 561
Goaf treatment 516 load capacity 335, 336 on compression testing 90, 92

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