Page 634 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

Coulomb (cont.) joint 257, 258, 303 geomechanical properties 51, 465
parameters 96, 134, 135 modulus 138, 151, 241, 416 orientation data 51, 70–5, 76
strength envelopes 105–107, 112, 113, 136 and buckling 229, 231, 233, 235, 238–40, and computers 60
yield criterion 105, 317 317, 375, 439, 451, 559 plotting 72–4,76
Counting nets 74 roof span 227, 229, 240, 356 peak strength 120–9, 124–6, 129
Cracks 107–111, 108, 110, 115, 524–31 permanent 86, 87, 97, 105 persistence 53, 54, 64, 69, 78, 255
and blasting 152 plastic 86, 115, 116, 136, 510, 576 and Rock Mass Rating 77, 78, 80, 138
extension 108, 109, 524 post-peak 86, 88, 93, 97, 296, 299, 317, 416 and rock mass strength 5, 80–2, 82, 85, 86,
and haunches 244 roof bed 227, 241 133–6, 137, 197, 199, 464
initiation 109, 112, 115, 136, 197–9, strain-softening model 86, 92, 94, 127, 193, roughness 54, 55, 127
214–5, 373, 398 195, 294 sampling bias 60
propagation 89, 524–6 viscoplastic 143, 146, 160 separation on 200
radial 524–6, 529, 530 Deformation rate analysis 155, 156 shear behaviour of 120, 129
re-opening pressure 154, 155 DEMEC gauge 152 shear strength 54, 120, 121
rose of cracks 524, 528 Denison Mine, Canada 391, 392 models 13–3
shrinkage 344 De-stressing 5, 205, 242, 264, 423, 433–4 shear stress-displacement curves 445
tension 299, 501–3, 504–6, 581, 583 for rockburst control 433–4 slip on 431, 467, 557
transverse 231, 422 Detonation spacing 51–4, 52, 54, 62–4, 81, 83, 85, 137,
Craelius core orienter 67 cavity pressure 521 333
Craelius Diamec 65 cylindrical charge, 522 stiffness 190
Crosscuts 292 and gases 425, 519, 521, 523, 525 testing 120, 121
Crosshole scans 538 monitoring 538–42, 541 trace length 61
Crown stress wave 425, 521, 523, 529–31 unevenness 54
arched 368 velocity 519, 520, 522 waviness 54, 55
holes 484, 485 wave 522 see also Fractures; Joints
pillars 371, 394, 403–5, 468, 487, 493, see also Blasting; Explosives Discontinuous subsidence 133, 484–6, 495,
558–60 Deviatoric component 25 496–506, 580–4
behaviour 558 Deviatior strain matrix 33 block caving 485–6, 496–501, 497
prism 256, 257 De-watering 410, 484, 496 progressive hangingwall caving 485,
of roof beam 231 Diabase 391, 496 501–6, 502, 505, 580–4
stress 175, 178, 420, 421 Differential equations 25, 26, 38, 40, 41, 168, sinkholes (solution) 485–7, 495, 496
Crusher stations 212, 265 282, 284 Discretisation methods 179, 181
Crushing 211, 228, 229, 240, 294, 479 Differential strain curve analysis 155–6 Displacement
and blastholes 523 Digging depth, optimum 459, 461, 462 absolute 29, 337, 544
pillar 294, 392, 404 Digital image processing systems 479 analysis 29–32
CSIR geomechanics scheme see Bieniawski Dilatancy 105, 117, 125–7, 221, 317 axial 94, 96, 97, 121, 331
CSIRO cells 149, 554 shear displacement curves 126 components 30, 31, 32, 38–40, 110, 175,
Cut-and-fill stoping 265, 357–61, 409, 419, shear strength, interrelation 125 183, 261
421, 423 Dilation distribution 167, 172, 173, 178, 181, 384,
applications 358, 359, 419, 423 angle 132, 337, 560 429
backfill 357–61, 409, 419, 421, 423 specimen 102–3, 125–6 excavation-induced 167, 183, 285, 286
crown 419–21 Dilution 354, 357, 359, 361, 366, 367, 417, field 306, 408
degradation of conditions 420–1, 421 419, 423, 424, 426, 459, 461, 481 geomechanics convention 17, 39, 41, 42,
reinforcement 361, 421 minimising 419, 426, 436, 454, 458, 459, 43, 282
cycle 357, 419 479, 483 measurements 15, 152, 545, 554
example 265, 361, 409, 421, 422 rates 459 nodal 182–9, 196, 337
geomechanics 419, 423 Dip 51, 51, 59, 60, 67, 69, 71–5, 261, 568–72 in peripheral rock, limiting 218, 226, 434,
performance 264, 358, 409, 423, 424 see also Hemispherical projection 527
stress distribution 419 Direct current differential transformer plastic 132
Cyclic loading 133, 138, 536–7 (DCDT) 547, 551 pure shear 31, 32, 290
Cylindrical polar co-ordinates 37, 38, 169, 171 Direct shear test 120, 123, 124, 125, 132, 141 radial 286, 288, 313–23, 314–6, 338
Damage Discontinuities relative see Convergence
accumulation 88–9, 115, 373, 398 aperture 54–6, 57, 59, 78, 126, 132 spectrum 306, 307
mechanics 399 boundary intersection 199 and subsidence 484, 485
and cavability 46, 50, 51, 53, 77, 465 surface, and backfill 423, 424, 441, 484,
Damping, frictional 275 in core 54,68 544
Deere, D.U. 49, 52 deformability 5, 81, 85, 129, 136, 138, transient 276, 281, 293, 522
Deflection, roof bed 225–7, 228, 229–33, 190–1, 328 vertical 259, 351, 465, 487, 507
234–9, 240, 241, 273, 274 deformation, models 130 weakening model 303, 336
Deformability, determining 85, 88, 136–8 dilatancy 125–7 see also Faults; Fractures
Deformation and equilibrium stress 146–7 Displacement discontinuity code NFOLD 395
ductile 86 filled 56, 57, 129 Distinct element methods 85, 130, 189, 190,
elastic, analysis for subsidence 510–4, 514 frequency 51, 53, 62, 70, 76 192, 322, 495, 513

616