Page 638 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

Jaeger’s plane of weakness theory 118–9, 118, Lang’s rules 333 and subsidence, 506–17
133 Laplace equation 166, 169 face
Janelid and Kvapil concept 454, 455, 456, Laubscher’s classification 78, 134, 267, 369, support 441, 447–8
458, 461, 462, 483 469–70 vertical stress distribution 441–4, 442,
Jointed rock 5, 5, 77–82, 85, 86, 133–9, Lenticular orebody 222, 356, 396 443
242–70, 536 Level drives 6, 487 geomechanical conditions 365
deformability 136–9 Limestones 6, 65, 94–6, 102, 103, 104, 105, hard rock 299–301, 302, 343, 363–4, 364,
excavation design 5, 17, 197, 198, 228, 113, 114, 139, 227, 391, 486, 495–6 430–40
230, 242–70 compressive strength 96, 101, 106, 113, methods, classification 430
failure modes 229, 243 139, 140, 493 Longwall stopes 301, 364, 431, 434
rock bolting 332–4, 332 oolitic 94, 95, 102, 105 Loosening factor 483
roof prism 255, 257, 264, 265, 328, 329 sinkholes 486, 496 Love wave 532–4, 532
asymmetric triangular 270, 328 Limiting equilibrium analysis 327, 488, 489, Lower-hemisphere projection 72
symmetric triangular 255, 328 490, 492–5, 502, 504, 505, 580 LVDT see Linear variable differential
sidewall failure 146, 211, 212 Linear potentiometer 547
strength 133–6 Linear variable differential transformers Mapping 55, 58–61, 166, 172, 173, 215, 216,
tetrahedal wedges 261, 262, 328 (LVDTs) 101, 547, 551 266, 267, 571
Joint Pyramid (JP) 244–6, 248, 249, 250, 251 Linked computational schemes 195, 299 see also Scanline surveys
Joints Liquefaction 409, 416, 425, 427, 428 Margolin’s model 527
condition 78, 80 Load Massive deposits 352, 358
cross 226, 229, 241, 242, 265, 356 axial 88, 120, 121, 156, 546 Mathews stability chart 266–79, 269, 470, 470
deformability 260 changes in 544 Maxwell’s theorem 35
deformation 257, 258, 303 distribution 18, 180, 181, 183, 227, 231, Measurement while drilling 66
dilatant 537 379 Metamorphic rocks 48, 52, 103
disturbances on 264 dynamic 274, 277, 327, 425, 436, 439, 521, Miami Mine, Arizona, USA 500
elastic deformability and 191 523, 525, 534, 536–7 Microcracks 4, 156, 531
frictional properties 259, 261, 263 explosive 536, 537 Microfissuring 87
horizontal 160 gravitational 143, 213, 226, 227, 231, 243 Microseismic activity 198, 398, 556, 565
load-displacement curves 129, 132, 137 impulsive 271, 351, 518, 523, 536 Mill tailings 354, 360, 411, 416
master 50 induced pillar 272–3 Mine
presentation of data for 69–71, 70 intensities, nodal 182 design see Excavation
relaxation 257, 258, 329 internal 188 districts 47, 371, 434, 441, 444, 486, 487,
roughness coefficient (JRC) 127, 128, 131, quasi-static 523, 525, 526 563
132 and reinforcement 336–7 excavation see Excavation
sets 50, 75, 80, 242, 248, 249–52, 267, 368, release 523, 526 gases 354
465 shear 130, 133, 331, 335, 536 haulage 46, 211
shaking and 533, 536 in testing machine 92, 93, 96, 105, 139, layout 11, 12, 165, 375, 384, 392, 398,
shear 191 227, 294, 373 400–1
strength of 191 transverse 227, 228, 229 management 9, 11
slip 304 vertical 217, 228–9, 259, 270, 452 openings see Openings
spacing 51–3, 80, 251 Load-convergence characteristics 294 stability 271, 293, 294, 296, 299, 392
rating 251 Load-deflection improving see Reinforcement
stiffness 257 behaviour 227–9 and thin tabular excavation 299
system 5, 50, 261 plots 228, 228–9 sterilisation 370, 485
traction on 263 Load-displacement 372 structural design see Excavation
wall compressive strength (JCS) 127–9, characteristics 372 Mine planning systems 69
131, 132 curves 372 Mineralogical changes 145
see also Discontinuities; Fractures Load-haul-dump draw 477 Mining
Kaiser effect 155, 156 Loading-unloading cycle 96, 97, 138 engineering 1, 4, 9–11, 68, 143, 217, 265,
Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 403 Localisation 4, 96, 227, 299, 373, 398 368, 518
Karst features 495 Lodes 352 functional interactions 9–11, 10, 11
Kelvin equations 574 Longhole stoping 324, 325, 363, 370, 419, 563 programmes 13, 351
Key block 243, 251–3, 254, 255 Longitudinal waves 277, 278, 279, 283, 287, excavation types 6–9, 347–9
Kidd Mine, Ontario, Canada 506 289 mechanical processes, summarised 2
Kirsch equations 155, 202, 204, 207, 525, 529 Longwall caving mechanics 444–6, 445 sequence 11, 165, 213, 353, 363, 384, 393,
Kiruna or Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden 454, Longwall mining 299–301, 302, 363–5, 364, 394, 400–3, 402, 427, 559
462, 463, 506 365, 430–53, 484, 506–17 Mining methods 6–8, 347–69, 370, 408, 430
Kronecker delta 87 coal 364–5, 365, 430, 440–53, 442–51, artificially supported 408–29
486, 506–17, 558 techniques 408–9
Lambert projection 72 geomechanics of 364–5, 440–1 see also Backfill; Reinforcement;
Lame’s equations and constant 36 monitoring systems 304, 557 Support
Laminated rock, support in 327, 328 roadway formation and support 448–51, bench-and-fill 69, 362, 363, 426, 427
Lang and Bischoff analysis 328 450 block caving see Block

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