Page 641 - Rock Mechanics For Underground Mining

INDEX

pattern 428, 429, 450 Rock comminution 308 design 230, 235
pre-placed 317 Rock fabric 160, 198, 234, 524, 531 plane strain 230
principles 313 Rockfalls 536 detachment 2, 225, 226
spatially extensive 335 Rockfill 413, 414, 415 failure 227, 257, 261, 453
terminology 312, 371, 425 Rock flour 48 factor of safety 257, 261
see also Pre-reinforcement; Support Rock mass moment equilibrium equation 235
Reinforcing bars 313, 323, 326, 329, 465 classification 53, 77–82, 79, 82, 134–5, prism 255–61, 264, 265, 328, 329
grouted 313, 325, 326, 329, 465 139, 333–4 eliminating 265
Relaxation model/method 135, 138, 190, 233, definition 219 failure 264
257, 261 discontinuous behaviour 351, 364 static equilibrium 256–61
roof prism 255, 257, 264 as discrete blocks 5, 85, 494 triangular symmetric 255, 328, 329
Required support line 315, 320, 575 disturbed 135, 503 slip 225–6, 225, 226
Residual strength 86, 103, 105, 107, 122, 130 homogeneous zones 60 span 11, 226, 227, 229, 240, 356
Resistance, frictional see Frictional interlocking 81, 494 stability 84, 241, 261
Rib pillars 375, 379, 384, 391, 392, 403, 404, modulus reduction 527 support pressure 329
441, 452, 487, 492, 515 performance, monitoring 3, 213, 225, 403, Room-and-pillar mining 7, 165, 225, 350,
design 441, 452 405, 543, 549, 558 355–6, 365, 370, 391, 393, 395, 452,
Richter local magnitude 308–9 properties 5, 64, 233, 312, 353, 396, 406, 484, 493
Ridgeway Gold Mine, New South Wales, 505, 508, 520, 543 Elliott Lake 391
Australia 454, 462 response to mining 17, 165, 166, 224, 225, geomechanical setting 356
Rigidity modulus 37 272, 352, 353, 355, 390 layout 165, 225, 353, 391, 392, 394, 453,
Ring gradient, 456, 462 strength 6, 16, 80, 81, 133–6, 136, 197, 483
Roadways 346, 364, 440–2, 444, 449, 450, 199, 215, 218, 315, 322, 372–3, 383, orebody properties and 352, 355
452, 482, 483, 516, 550 390, 469 Rope lacing 345, 439
formation 448, 449 criterion 16, 80, 81, 87, 136, 137, 322 Rose of cracks 524, 528
maingate 441 stress-strain behaviour see Stress Rose diagrams 70
tailgate 441 undisturbed 503 Rotation Matrix 21, 22, 149
location 441, 452 Rock Mass Rating (RMR) 78, 80, 79, 80, 84, Rotations, rigid body 30,31
longwall mining 363, 364, 365, 430, 433, 138 Roughness 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 68, 78, 80,
434, 436, 439, 440, 452, 481, 484, 515 determining 78–80 122–9, 124, 131–3, 141, 331
Rock anchors 345, 408 and discontinuity orientation 78, 80 coefficient 127, 131, 132
Rock beam 227, 228 Rock material 46, 78, 80, 85–119, 382 component 128
Rock bolting 321, 329 Rock mechanics profile 125
available support line 320, 577, 579 definition 1, 3–4 scale 55
pattern 321, 329 see also Excavation; Force; Mining surface 78, 122, 124, 125, 128, 131–2
Rock bolts 127, 312–46, 339–40, 439, engineering 1, 3, 11–13 RQD see Rock Quality Designation
449–51, 465, 478, 544, 558, 578 Rock noise 556, 559
anchored 339, 343, 564, 578 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) 52, 53, 66, St. Venant’s principle 210
design 327–32 68, 78, 79, 80,83 Sandfill 410–16, 414, 415, 418, 419, 426
grouted 313, 317, 320, 339, 465 Rock reinforcement see Reinforcement cohesive 412, 414
length 332–4, 332, 334 Rock strength 65, 85, 86, 113, 197, 240, 241, heterogeneity of 413
for roof beam support 327–8 267, 293, 381, 382, 493 permeability 410, 411, 413
shank 330, 331, 338, 339 definition 85, 86 -rockfill mix 415
spacing 327, 328, 333, 578 see also Strength size analysis 411
system 321 Rock support see Support transportation 410, 412, 413, 416
tensioned 313, 329 Rock-support interaction 326, 333, 448 Sandstones 5, 83, 88, 112, 113, 114, 117, 139,
for triangular block support 328–9 analysis 448 445, 447, 448
Rock breakage 522, support line calculations 326, 333 compressive strength 84, 87–9, 111, 113,
by explosives 522 calculations 326, 333 139
loading release 526 Roof peak strength envelopes 112, 113, 121, 139
Rockbursts 49, 81, 85, 92, 271, 272–5, 294, beam 227, 228, 230, 231, 235, 236, 241, San Manuel Mine, Arizona, USA 500–1, 501
302, 304, 327, 402, 404, 431–4, 327, 328, 447, 451 Scale effects 4–5
436–8, 534, 535, 536, 556, 557, 559, deformation 231 see also Size effects
563–5 failure 241 Scanline surveys 58, 59, 60–2, 64, 82
causes 273–5, 431–2 span buckling 231, 234, 235, 238–40 Schistosity 23, 375, 479
crushing mode 233, 294, 302, 433 support 329, 364, 365 Schmidt projection 72
and dykes 49, 50, 302, 430, 433, 436 bearing capacity 390, 391 see also Equal area
energy output 519 bed Seam deposits 352
and fault slip 301–3, 308, 404–5, 431–2, deformation mechanics 227, 241 Secondary waves 283
535 voussoir beam model 227, 229–32, 234, Seismic
frequency of 302 235, 238 efficiency 307
limiting 432–5 canopy 447 energy 306–8, 557
mine stability 271, 293, 294, 296, 299, 392 decoupling 226 emission 306, 307

623