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76 Socially Intelligent Agents

2. www.daimi.au.dk/∼chili/elektra.html.
3. One RCX controls the emotional state of the robot on the grounds of tactile stimulation applied to
the feet, while the other controls its facial displays.
4. Visit www.daimi.au.dk/∼chili/feelix/feelix home.htm for a video of Feelix’s basic expressions.
5. I have also built some demos where Feelix shows chimerical expressions that combine an emotion
in the upper part of the face—eyebrows—and a different one in the lower part—mouth.
6. Tests were performed by 86 subjects—41 children, aged 9–10, and 45 adults, aged 15–57. All
children and most adults were Danish. Adults were university students and staff unfamiliar with the project,
and visitors to the lab.
7. I am grateful to Mark Scheeff for pointing me to this idea, and to Hideki Kozima for helping me
track it down. Additional information can be found at www.arclight.net/∼pdb/glimpses/valley.html.
8. According to Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, the baby-scheme is an “innate” response to treat as an infant
every object showing certain features present in children. See for example I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, El hombre
preprogramado, Alianza Universidad, Madrid, 1983 (4th edition); original German title: Der vorprogram-
mierte Mensch, Verlag Fritz Molden, Wien-München-Zürich, 1973.
9. As an example, the speed at which the expression is formed was perceived as particularly significant
in sadness and surprise, especially in the motion of eyebrows.
References

[1] C. Breazeal. Designing Sociable Machines: Lessons Learned. This volume.
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International Cognitive Technology Conference, pages 375–390. San Francisco, CA, Au-
gust 11–14, 1999.
[3] L.D. Cañamero and J. Fredslund. I Show You How I Like You—Can You Read It in my
Face? IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Part A, 31(5): 454–459, 2001.
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[8] B. Reeves and C. Nass. The Media Equation. How People Treat Computers, Television,
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