Page 374 - Statistics for Dummies

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Statistics For Dummies, 2nd Edition
binomial distribution (continued)
tables, 352–356
variance, 142
calculating
binomials
conditional distributions, 305–306
conditions, checking step by step,
correlation, 283–284
135–136
joint distributions, 302–303
formula, finding binomial probabilities

marginal distributions, 300
using a, 137–140
p-values, 222–223
mean, 142
regression line, 288–290
multiple outcomes, situations having,
test statistic, 219–220
136–137
Car Talk (radio show), 247
normal approximation, 155–156
carrying out surveys, 256–259
overview, 135
categorical data (qualitative data). See also
probability of success changes, 137
graphing categorical data
specific values of X, fi nding probabilities

calculating, 68–71
for, 140–141
described, 68, 91
standard deviation, 142
summaries for, 14, 15

table, finding binomial probabilities using • C •
categorical variables, 295
a binomial, 140–141 causation, 63
trials, no fixed number of, 136 cause-and-effect relationship

trials, not independent, 137 correlation compared, 293–294
variance, 142 defi ned, 263
X greater-than, less-than, or between two described, 21–22, 293
values, finding probabilities for, 141 determining, 313–314

bivariate data, 280 as factor in misleading statistics, 40
blind experiments, 57, 274 questioning claims of, 21–22
borderline values in histograms, 106 cells in two-way tables, setting up, 297
boxplots census, 50
creating, 115–117 center of data, 107, 109
described, 16, 115 Central Limit Theorem (CLT), 55–56, 171–173
errors in interpreting, 122 charts and graphs. See also specifi c charts
horizontal, 116 and graphs
interpreting, 117–122 for categorical data, 16
mean in, 120 misleading statistics, 37–39
median in, 120 for numerical data, 16
for Old Faithful’s eruptions, 120–121 overview, 15–16
outliers in, 121–122 in summaries, 15–16
skewed left, 117 children’s healthcare, surveys about, 248
skewed right, 117–118 clinical trials, 272
symmetric, 117–119 collecting data for surveys, 256–257
variability in, 119 comparisons
vertical, 116 defining experiment to make, 265–267

breaking down problems as exam strategy, of two population averages in hypothesis
343–344 tests, 234–236
business section of newspaper, of two population proportions in
statistics in, 28
hypothesis tests, 240–242
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