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THE COHESION CASE 35

Wendy’s (WEN)
Founded in 1969, based in Dublin, Ohio, and operating over 6,600 restaurants, Wendy’s
International, Inc., owns 1,400 of the 6,600 restaurants. With 44,000 employees in 2007, Wendy’s
ranks fourth in the industry, behind McDonald’s, Yum!, and Burger King. The company is well
known for its unique square single, double, or triple made-to-order burgers and fries, and alterna-
tive menu items, such as baked potato, chili, and salads. Its new low-priced menus directly com-
pete for market share with MCD. It holds a unique position in the industry as an old-fashioned
eating place in the fast-food business and was recognized in 1986 as the most favorite quality
brand by QSR Magazine for the second year in a row and earned first place for customer satisfac-
tion in the “limited service restaurants” category in that year’s American Customer Satisfaction
Index survey. With revenues of $2,450 million in 2007, Wendy’s currently operates as a subsidiary
of the Wendy’s/Arby’s Group, a private company.

Starbucks Corporation (SBX)
Even though Starbucks is no direct competition for MCD’s core business, MCD is now in the
fighting ring with Starbucks for the specialty coffee niche. Therefore it is important to view
Starbucks as a new direct competitor. Starbucks was founded in 1985 by Howard Schultz, who
recently came out of retirement to serve as chairman, CEO, and president. The company is usually
grouped with the high-priced, high-margins specialty eateries industry. Starbucks’ annual rev-
enues are $10.04 billion, less than half of MCD’s. Starbuck’s gross margins at 54.24 percent are
17 percent points higher than McDonald’s. With 176,000 employees and strong brand recognition,
Starbucks is seen as a leader in the specialty eateries industry.
External Threats
Because of its global reach and brand recognition, MCD continues to face significant threats to its
aggressive growth strategy at home, one of which is the growing awareness among the medical and
scientific community as well as the public of the direct relationship between diet and health. A joint
research study recently conducted at the University of California, Berkeley, and Columbia
University and published in March 2009 concluded that the presence of a fast-food restaurant
within 500 feet of a school is associated with at least a 5.2 percent increase in the obesity rate in
that school, suggesting significant health benefits of banning fast-food restaurants close to schools
if communities are interested in fighting the growing epidemic of obesity among young adolescents
in America.
MCD continues to encounter lawsuits brought about around the world by activists and irate par-
ents of children less than 18 years of age. In 1990, in the McLibel Trial, also known as McDonald’s
Restaurants v. Morris & Steel, activists from a small group known as London Greenpeace with no
affiliation with the Greenpeace organization printed and distributed information under the title,
“What’s wrong with McDonald’s?” In that printed information that was widely circulated in London,
they criticized MCD’s environmental, health, and labor record. The corporation wrote to the group
demanding them to retract and apologize, but when the two key activists refused to back down, MCD
sued them for libel. It turned out to be not only one of the longest cases in British civil law, but it also
turned out to be a public relations nightmare for MCD. A documentary film capturing this saga con-
tinues to been shown in several countries, including the United States.
MCD’s premises continue to draw antiglobalization activists from around the world. In 1999,
French activist José Bové vandalized a half-built McDonald’s to protest against the introduction of
fast food in the region. As recently as 2009, activists vandalized MCD’s restaurants during the G-20
summit in protest of the poverty and income inequalities brought about by globalization.
The documentary film, Super Size Me, which argued that MCD’s menu was contributing to the
obesity epidemic and that the company provided no nutritional information about its products, caught
MCD executive’s attention quickly. Within six weeks after the film’s debut, MCD eliminated the
supersize option from its meal options.
In April 2006, the global activist organization Greenpeace alleged that MCD, as a client of the
agricultural behemoth Cargill, was contributing to the destruction of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil
and the invasion of the indigenous people’s lands when it bought chickens fed with Brazilian soya.
Furthermore, global activists argue that MCD’s operations overburden scarce drinking water supply
away from the poor local communities by diverting it to the frivolous production of supplies to
support MCD.
Unfavorable changes on the sociopolitical, legal, and environmental fronts at home and over-
seas as well as currency rates may adversely affect MCD without prior notice. Cost of supplies may