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Co m b i n e d  P r o c e s s I n t e g r a t i o n a n d O p t i m i z a t i o n    169



                                          Cl 2   C H     O 2
                                                   2 4
                                        R 1            R 2

                              Step 5      C H Cl 2        H O
                                           2 4
                                                           2
                                            R 3

                                       C H Cl         HCl
                                        2 3

                           R 1            R 2         R 1            R 2

                             C H Cl 2        H O       C H Cl 2         H O
                                                                         2
                                                        2 4
                                              2
                              2 4
                               R 3                        R 3
                          C H Cl         HCl        C H Cl          HCl
                                                     2 3
                           2 3
                                  Step 3                     Step 4

                                                         C H Cl 2
                                                          2 4
                                R 3                        R 3


                            H Cl
                          C 2 3          HCl          C H Cl         HCl
                                                       2 3
                                  Step 1                     Step 2


                     FIGURE 8.2  Steps for the composition of the maximal structure representing
                     the maximal reaction network for the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


                        The maximal reaction network serves as the input to algorithms
                     SSG and Accelerated Branch-and-Bound (ABB). Algorithm SSG
                     generates all combinatorially feasible reaction networks, and algorithm
                     ABB identifies a set of the most favorable reaction networks.
                     8.3.2  Optimal Synthesis of Heterogeneous Flowsheets

                     Synthesis of Optimal Workflow Structures
                     Workflow technology has become a general tool for a wide range of
                     business and management applications (Tick, Kovács, and Friedler,
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