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             3,000

             2,500


             2,000
                                                                    Hefei
                                                                    Wuhan
             1,500
                                                                    Changsha
                                                                    Nanchang
             1,000
                                                                    Zhengzhou
              500

               0


                   FIGURE 16.3 Industrial electricity use, per capita adjusted (10,000 kWh).

             4.5
              4
             3.5
              3
                                                                    Hefei
             2.5
                                                                    Wuhan
              2                                                     Changsha
                                                                    Nanchang
             1.5
                                                                    Zhengzhou
              1

             0.5
              0


                       FIGURE 16.4 Industrial raw coal consumption (10,000 tons).

            received the largest share of the beyond-province investment inflows at the
            provincial level in Anhui, it may be reasonably posited that the same is true for
            the other central provinces and their respective capital cities. Following this
            assumption, the observed alignment of energy use, emissions, and beyond-
            province investment would corroborate Ang’s (2017) argument that beyond-
            province investment principally takes the form of high-polluting industries.
               That Hefei’s relative energy consumption and pollution levels do not match
            its relative levels of beyond-province investment levelsdbut rather are
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