Page 385 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

358 Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook

b. Find locations for and install underground sequestration programs for
CO 2 and SO 2 .
c. Blend methanol with gasoline and F-T liquids or DME with diesel via
China’s current infrastructure.
4. Follow closely and build on the experiences of South Africa and Chinese
pilot plants to scale-up liquefaction of coal for transportation fuels.
5. Build infrastructures to support the agile energy systems model with the
concern for short-term (3e5 years) use of the aforementioned alternative
fuels (see Glossary).
a. Upgrade transmission lines, using best available high-voltage DC
technologies, to transmit electricity to eastern load centers.
b. Complete electrification of rural areas with a combination of connections
to the central grid and local on-site energy generation from solar, wind,
biomass polygeneration, and/or biodigester facilities.
c. Replace coal with town gas for industrial and urban residential heating.
d. Introduce DME as a motor vehicle fuel, starting with buses and trucks,
and shift (especially in the public sector) to hybrid cars (e.g., electric
and gas) or compression-ignition engines.
e. In the longer term, introduce renewably or cleanly generated hydrogen
fuel availability for fuel cell vehicles.
6. Explore other fuels from polygeneration plants in IMAR, especially liquid
fuels for the transportation sector and DME for cooking and heating.
7. Build or expand current pipelines for transporting coal-derived fuels
to sites closer to load centers in the east to utilize cost-competitive
alternative fuels.
8. Upgrade power transmission capability with latest technologies, e.g.,
high-voltage DC lines, inverters, ultracapacitors, and efficiency and
conservation devices.
9. Encourage other environmentally improved energy approaches, such as
combined heat and power, ground source heat pumps, demand-side
management, and “hybrid” technologies such as wind and pump
storage or fuel cells.

Potential Barriers to Implementation in Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region
Note that some nations and various states within the United States have solved
many of these problems but still have high energy demands, conservation, and
environmental issues to deal with.

1. High capital costs, uncertain markets, and intermittency for renewables.
l Wind is a good model on how to overcome these barriers, whereby
today it is cost competitive with all fuels (especially natural gas) and
financial accounting for intermittency has been resolved (see evidence