Page 117 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Ch003-P373623.qxd 3/22/07 5:29 PM Page 96
Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management
96
Evaluation, stated that the policies and programs that are needed to promote
EIP development are those that promote resource efficiency, recycling, pol-
lution prevention, and environmental management systems (Peck et al., 1997).
In 1995, EPA took up the challenge, looking at ways to improve the efficiency
of its regulatory programs and reduce the burden on all concerned through
cutting red tape, partnerships, flexibility, and facilitating compliance, which
resulted in some projects and initiatives to promote the concept of EIP.
Also, research conducted by the US-EPA on EIPs has resulted in the
identification of a number of regulatory strategies for encouraging the devel-
opment of industrial ecosystems and the implementation of pollution pre-
vention in the context of EIPs that could be summarized as follows (Peck
et al., 1997):

• Modifying existing regulations.
• Reforming existing permitting and reporting processes.
• Moving toward performance-based regulations.
• Promoting the use of facility-wide permitting.
• Promoting the use of multimedia permitting.
• Utilizing market-based approaches, such as emissions trading.
• Utilizing voluntary agreements such as covenants.
• Implementing manufacture extended waste liability regulations,
which will impact on the design, production, use, reuse, and recy-
cling of products.
• Promoting technology diffusion within and between industrial sectors.
• Providing opportunities for technology development and commer-
cialization.
• Providing technology development grants specific to industrial ecol-
ogy applications.

University and research institutes have also supported the development of EIP
extensively in cooperation with local and federal governments. It is very
important to develop a partnership among different stakeholders with univer-
sities and research institutes to develop innovative techniques and guidelines
for industrial parks to follow. EIP concept, methodology, and strategies should
also be included with the educational system within colleges and universities.

Canada: The strategic and policy framework exists at the federal and provin-
cial levels to support activities that promote EIPs in Canada as discussed by
Peck et al. (1997) and falls under the following five main guidelines:
• Securing Our Future Together Plan
• Business Plan and Sustainable Development Strategy
• Sustainable Development Strategy
• Renewed Canadian Environmental Protection Act and Toxics
Management
• Pollution Prevention Federal Strategy